第1篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
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北京，中華人民共和國(guó)首都、中央直轄市、中國(guó)國(guó)家中心城市，中國(guó)政治、文化、教育和國(guó)際交流中心，同時(shí)是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融的決策中心和管理中心。北京位于華北平原北端，東南與天津相連，其余為河北省所環(huán)繞。北京有著3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史，是“中國(guó)四大古都”之一，具有一定的國(guó)際影響力，其最早見(jiàn)于文獻(xiàn)的名稱為“薊”。北京薈萃了自元明清以來(lái)的中華文化，擁有眾多名勝古跡和人文景觀，是全球擁有世界文化遺產(chǎn)最多的城市。北京也為華北地區(qū)降雨最多的地區(qū)之一。歷史悠久的國(guó)際高等大學(xué)北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)也坐落于北京。
北京是全球擁有世界遺產(chǎn)（6處）最多的城市，是全球首個(gè)擁有世界地質(zhì)公園的首都城市。北京旅游資源豐富，對(duì)外開(kāi)放的旅游景點(diǎn)達(dá)200多處，有世界上最大的皇宮紫禁城、祭天神廟天壇、皇家花園北海、皇家園林頤和園和圓明園，還有八達(dá)嶺長(zhǎng)城、慕田峪長(zhǎng)城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名勝古跡。全市共有文物古跡7309項(xiàng)，99處全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位（含長(zhǎng)城和京杭大運(yùn)河的北京段）、326處市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位、5處國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園、15處國(guó)家森林公園。世界文化遺產(chǎn)：故宮、長(zhǎng)城、周口店北京人遺址、天壇、頤和園、明十三陵。世界地質(zhì)公園：北京房山世界地質(zhì)公園。國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)：八達(dá)嶺―十三陵、石花洞。中國(guó)歷史文化名街：國(guó)子監(jiān)街、煙袋斜街。中國(guó)歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)：密云縣古北口鎮(zhèn)。中國(guó)歷史文化名村。門頭溝區(qū)：齋堂鎮(zhèn)爨底下村、齋堂鎮(zhèn)靈水村、龍泉鎮(zhèn)琉璃渠村。
西周時(shí)成為周朝的諸侯國(guó)之一的燕國(guó)的都城。自金朝起成為古代中國(guó)首都中都。自元代起，開(kāi)始成為全中國(guó)的首都。明朝自成祖后開(kāi)始對(duì)北京進(jìn)行大規(guī)模擴(kuò)建，明朝時(shí)期北京成為第一個(gè)漢族王朝的首都。清朝在延續(xù)明北京城的基礎(chǔ)上又進(jìn)行了一些修繕和擴(kuò)建。至清末北京成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的城市。北京有著3000余年的建城史和859余年的建都史。自秦漢以來(lái)北京地區(qū)一直是中國(guó)北方的軍事和商業(yè)重鎮(zhèn)。1860年，英法聯(lián)軍打進(jìn)北京；1900年，八國(guó)聯(lián)軍再次打進(jìn)北京，美麗的北京城受到了非常嚴(yán)重的破壞和洗劫，大量文物被侵略軍和壞民劫掠。1911年辛亥革命后，民國(guó)元年1月1日，中華民國(guó)定都南京，同年3月遷都北京，直至民國(guó)十七年中國(guó)北伐軍攻占北京，張作霖?cái)』貣|北，北洋政府下臺(tái)。民國(guó)伊始，北京的地方體制仍依清制，稱順天府。
直至民國(guó)三年，改順天府為京兆地方，直轄于中央政府北洋政府。這一時(shí)期，北京新建了有軌電車系統(tǒng)，和一批現(xiàn)代的文化教育機(jī)構(gòu)，如清華大學(xué)、燕京大學(xué)、北京大學(xué)、輔仁大學(xué)、協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院等。1937年七七事變后，北平被日本占領(lǐng)。偽中華民國(guó)臨時(shí)政府在此成立，且將北平改名為北京。1945年8月21日，入侵北京的日本軍隊(duì)宣布投降，重新更名為北平。
北京城不僅匯聚了世界上著名的五大宗教（道教、佛教、基督教、天主教），而且這五大宗教建筑和文化也各有特色。比如，現(xiàn)在我們行駛的朝阜路上，短短幾公里，就聚居了四個(gè)宗教（朝陽(yáng)門外的東岳廟、東四清真寺、隆福寺、廣濟(jì)寺、歷代帝王廟、白塔寺）的建筑，而在北京宣南地區(qū)，以北京建城紀(jì)念柱為中心的周邊地區(qū)，可以說(shuō)聚集了五大宗教的許多著名活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所。這些場(chǎng)所有：佛教的天寧寺、法源寺、長(zhǎng)椿寺；道教的白云觀；基督教珠市口教堂；天主教宣武門教堂（南堂）；這種“宗教文化區(qū)”在世界大城市中是罕見(jiàn)的，體現(xiàn)了東方“和”的文化氛圍，體現(xiàn)了北京城市文化的獨(dú)特魅力，體現(xiàn)了中華民族的偉大凝聚力。
北京是座千年古都，歷史上，因長(zhǎng)期處于中原與北方民族的交匯處，故而曾融合了眾多民族的文化、習(xí)俗與語(yǔ)言。久而久之，便產(chǎn)生出了富有本地特色的北京風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。例如集吃喝玩樂(lè)于一體的北京廟會(huì)等。
北京的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富，是中華民族悠久歷史文化的一個(gè)組成部分。從這些流傳至今的節(jié)日風(fēng)俗里，可以清晰地看到古代人民社會(huì)生活的精彩畫(huà)面。特色的節(jié)日如龍慶峽冰燈藝術(shù)節(jié)、香山紅葉節(jié)、白云觀廟會(huì)、東岳廟廟會(huì)等。
第2篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)784個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要2分鐘，共有170位用戶收藏，18人推薦！
香山公園位于北京西北郊西山東麓，東南距市中心28公里。最高點(diǎn)為香爐峰，海拔557米，俗稱鬼見(jiàn)愁。
香山山頂有巨石兩塊，叫乳峰石。其形酷似香爐，周圍又常有云霧彌漫，如裊裊升空的香煙，香山由此得名。 香山景色秀麗，名勝遍布，風(fēng)光旖旎，極富自然野趣。秋來(lái)黃櫨換裝，漫山紅遍，如火如荼，此即香山紅葉，是燕京八景之一。香山冬天的景色也很迷人，每當(dāng)冬雪初晴，一片銀妝素裹，分外妖嬈，舊燕京八景之一的西山晴雪就指這里。
香山寺，在香山公園內(nèi)蟾蜍峰北。金大定二十六年(1186年)建，金世宗賜名大永安寺，為香山諸寺之首，靜宜園二十八景之一。后遭英法聯(lián)軍和八國(guó)聯(lián)軍焚毀，僅存石階，石坊柱、石屏等遺跡，唯有寺內(nèi)的聽(tīng)法松依然屹立。 香爐峰，俗稱鬼見(jiàn)愁。在香山公園西部。此峰高峻陡削，攀登不易，在峰頂可飽覽香山全景。近年已建有纜車索道，牽引登山。 雙清別墅在香山公園內(nèi)香山寺下。這里原有兩股清泉，相傳金章宗時(shí)稱夢(mèng)感泉。清乾隆在泉旁石崖上題刻雙清二字。
1917年熊希齡在此修建別墅，并以此為名。別墅淡雅幽靜，山水樹(shù)石順其自然。清泉大聚一池，池邊有亭，亭后有屋，屋旁有竹，竹影扶疏，秀麗非凡。在此春日賞花，酷夏避暑，秋觀紅葉，寒冬踏雪，四季景色綺麗，稱為香山園中園。 眼鏡湖，在香山公園北門內(nèi)。兩泓平靜的湖水由一座白石拱橋相聯(lián)，形似眼鏡，故此得名。湖的北側(cè)山石疊嶂，峰巒崛起。一洞之上，流泉直下，恰似珠簾垂掛的水簾洞。山花芳草在溝壑石縫和小溪池水旁爭(zhēng)奇斗艷，古柏蒼松、老槐垂柳交匯成一片清蔭。 見(jiàn)心齋在香山公園北門內(nèi)西側(cè)，毗鄰眼鏡湖。建于明嘉靖年間，幾經(jīng)修葺，是座頗具江南風(fēng)味的庭院。
香山庭院中心是一平圓形水池，清洌的泉水從石雕的龍口中注入，夏來(lái)新荷婷立，金魚(yú)嬉戲。池東、南、北三面回廊環(huán)抱，內(nèi)有一小亭伸入池中。池西有軒榭三間，即見(jiàn)心齋。齋后山石嶙峋，松柏交翠。整個(gè)庭院清靜幽雅，使人留連忘返。當(dāng)年乾隆帝曾在此讀書(shū)和賜宴臣僚。
第3篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)2709個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要7分鐘，共有227位用戶收藏，16人推薦！
北京四合院導(dǎo)游詞400字
北京四合院，即合院建筑之一種，所謂合院，即是一個(gè)院子四面都建有房屋，四合房屋，中心為院，這就是合院。一戶一宅，一宅有幾個(gè)院。合院以中軸線貫穿，北房為正房，東西兩方向的房屋為廂房，南房門向北開(kāi)，所以叫作倒座。一家人有錢或人口多時(shí)，可建前后兩組合院。
北京四合院導(dǎo)游詞400字篇一
咱們今天下午的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容是逛胡同和參觀四合院。胡同和四合院是歷史上北京城的有機(jī)體，是組成社會(huì)的細(xì)胞，是老北京人休養(yǎng)生息、繁衍發(fā)展的地方，是北京城歷史演進(jìn)的有力見(jiàn)證。我們想真正了解北京人的生活，就得鉆胡同，串四合院。
為了大家在游覽中增加情趣，現(xiàn)在利用乘車的時(shí)間，向大家介紹一些有關(guān)胡同和四合院的知識(shí)。
北京傳統(tǒng)四合院住宅大規(guī)模形成由元朝開(kāi)始。明清以來(lái)，北京四合院雖歷經(jīng)滄桑，但這種基本的居住形式已經(jīng)形成，并不斷完善，更適合居住要求，形成了我們今天所見(jiàn)到的四合院形式。 北京的四合院的構(gòu)成有獨(dú)特之處，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)住宅建筑中具有典型性和代表性。院落寬綽疏朗，四面房屋各自獨(dú)立，彼此之間有游廊聯(lián)接，起居十分方便。四合院是封閉式的住宅，對(duì)外只有一個(gè)街門，關(guān)起門來(lái)自成天地，具有很強(qiáng)的私密性，非常適合獨(dú)家居住。院內(nèi)，四面房子都向院子中間開(kāi)門，一家人在里面和親和美，其樂(lè)融融。由于院落寬敞，可在院內(nèi)植樹(shù)栽花，飼?shū)B(niǎo)養(yǎng)魚(yú)，疊石造景。居住者不僅享有舒適的住房，還可分享大自然賜予的一片美好天地。
北京四合院蘊(yùn)含著深刻的文化內(nèi)涵，是中華傳統(tǒng)文化的載體。四合院的營(yíng)建是極講究風(fēng)水的，從擇地、定位到確定每幢建筑的具體尺度，都要按風(fēng)水理論來(lái)進(jìn)行。風(fēng)水學(xué)說(shuō)，實(shí)際是中國(guó)古代的建筑環(huán)境學(xué)，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑理論的重要組成部分，這種風(fēng)水理論，千百年來(lái)一直指導(dǎo)著中國(guó)古代的營(yíng)造活動(dòng)。此外，四合院的裝修、雕飾、彩繪也處處體現(xiàn)著民俗民風(fēng)和傳統(tǒng)文化，表現(xiàn)一定歷史條件下人們對(duì)幸福、美好、富裕、吉祥的追求。如以蝙蝠、壽字組成的圖案，寓意“福壽雙全”，以花瓶?jī)?nèi)安插月季花的圖案寓意“四季平安”，而嵌于門簪、門頭上的吉祥辭語(yǔ)，附在檐柱上的抱柱楹聯(lián)，都充滿濃郁的文化氣息，進(jìn)入庭院，尤如步入一座中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的殿堂。
北京四合院導(dǎo)游詞400字篇二
女士們、先生們：
走進(jìn)四合院，迎面就能看到壘砌精致的影壁。影壁上每塊磚都是磨制的，壘砌時(shí)磨磚對(duì)縫。據(jù)有關(guān)民俗專家研究后認(rèn)為，影壁是中國(guó)房宅建筑不可缺少的風(fēng)水內(nèi)容。古代人迷信，認(rèn)為人死后有鬼魂，如果在夜晚有孤魂野鬼游蕩，闖進(jìn)宅院就會(huì)不吉利。而大門內(nèi)有影壁，鬼魂見(jiàn)了自己的影子，就不敢往里闖了。一些建筑學(xué)專家則認(rèn)為，影壁是北京民居的重要裝飾，它既可遮擋院內(nèi)雜物，又可以使外來(lái)人看不見(jiàn)院內(nèi)的情況，具有保私性。尤其是一些影壁建造講究，在其墻壁上雕飾有精美的圖案和吉祥話語(yǔ)，大大增加了四合院的文化品位。 比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的四合院分內(nèi)宅和外院兩部分。外院由南房(也稱客房)、院門、影壁、內(nèi)宅南外墻組成。南房用于客房、書(shū)房、仆人居住。內(nèi)宅南墻正中建有垂花門，只有進(jìn)了垂花門，才能看清內(nèi)宅房屋。內(nèi)宅由北房、東房、西房組成，中間是院子。北房為正房，高大而豁亮，面闊三間，東西兩側(cè)建有耳房。北房由宅主人居住，西房由兒女居住，東房由孫子、孫女及奶媽居住。廚房在東房最南面;廁所在院內(nèi)旮旯，講究的是男女分開(kāi)，男外女內(nèi)，男的'在外院南房西角，女的在內(nèi)宅東房北角。大的四合院還建有后罩房。后罩房在北房后面，有一層的，也有兩層的，均坐北朝南，與北房后山墻之間又形成一個(gè)院子，一般稱后院，后院是宅主人的內(nèi)眷或老人居住。
內(nèi)宅是四合院中心，北房前出廊，東西兩端建有游廊，游廊將東房、垂花門、西房、北房連成一體，既可躲風(fēng)、避雨、防日曬，又可乘涼、休憩和觀賞院內(nèi)景色。四合院內(nèi)可以種樹(shù)，養(yǎng)花，有的還置有金魚(yú)缸，搭有葡萄架。在四合院內(nèi)種棗樹(shù)、石榴樹(shù)寓意早生貴子，多子多孫;種丁香、海棠，表示主人有身份和有一定的文化修養(yǎng)。
北京四合院導(dǎo)游詞400字篇三
女士們、先生們，大家千萬(wàn)不可小看北京的胡同和四合院，更不能把它們看成是僅供人們棲身住宿的地方。如果聽(tīng)我稍加講解，就可發(fā)現(xiàn)，原來(lái)北京的胡同和四合院蘊(yùn)藏著如此豐富的中華文化內(nèi)涵!我先介紹一些有關(guān)“胡同”的知識(shí)。
北京城內(nèi)的胡同與繁華的大街比起來(lái)，是有些不起眼，但是據(jù)專家們考證，明朝就有人對(duì)胡同進(jìn)行研究了，至今已有五六百年的研究史。胡同的寫(xiě)法明朝與現(xiàn)在不同，是將“胡同”二字，分別夾在“行”字的中間，如明嘉靖三十九年(1560年)出版的《京師五城坊巷衚衕集》中的“衚衕”二字，就是典型的早期文獻(xiàn)證明。
歷代眾多的專家們?cè)鴱亩嘟嵌葘?duì)“胡同”一詞進(jìn)行考證，有的從音韻學(xué)角度，有的從字形發(fā)展角度，有的從方言角度......最后較集中的成果認(rèn)為“胡同”一詞原是蒙古語(yǔ)。20世紀(jì)40年代出版的《北京地名志》載，在蒙古，比村稍大的部落叫胡同。也有專家說(shuō)，胡同是蒙古語(yǔ)中“浩特”的音譯。浩特即城填，包括胡同。
原內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)張清常先生的考證是較有說(shuō)服力的。他認(rèn)為胡同是蒙古語(yǔ)“hottog”的音譯，是水井的意思，有人譯作“霍多”或“忽洞”，現(xiàn)在內(nèi)蒙古仍有以此音命名的地方，如賽音忽洞(好井)、烏克忽洞(死井)、哈業(yè)忽洞(雙井)等。北京地區(qū)一向以水井為中心，分布居民。
胡同一詞既然來(lái)源于蒙古語(yǔ)，那么蒙古人統(tǒng)治北京地區(qū)的元大都時(shí)期，這個(gè)詞有可能就出現(xiàn)了。果然，人們?cè)谠s劇中發(fā)現(xiàn)了“胡同”一詞。元代大戲曲家王實(shí)甫的《歌舞麗春室》雜劇中，就有“恰便似錦胡同”的唱詞，在其他的元雜劇中也有類似發(fā)現(xiàn)，如“辭別了老母，俺串胡同去來(lái)”(《孟母三移》)、“我家住在磚塔胡同”(《沙門島張生煮?！?......戲中的磚塔胡同即現(xiàn)在西四丁字街南有座七級(jí)磚塔的那條胡同。
既然元代才出現(xiàn)胡同這個(gè)詞，而北京卻是一座具有三千多年歷史的古城，人們可能會(huì)問(wèn)，元代以前，北京地區(qū)的街巷叫什么呢?回答很簡(jiǎn)單，那時(shí)的北京地區(qū)是按古代傳下來(lái)的舊制，叫做街、巷、坊、里等。這一點(diǎn)從宣武區(qū)的地名中可得到證實(shí)，因?yàn)樾鋮^(qū)的歷史早于內(nèi)城，換句話說(shuō)是先有宣武區(qū)(古薊城)，后有內(nèi)城區(qū)(元大都)，所以宣武區(qū)中現(xiàn)在叫胡同的地名相對(duì)要少，而坊、巷、里、街等為地名的較多，如南橫街、白紙坊、華康里、清泉巷等。
一些外地朋友或外國(guó)客人對(duì)北京五花八門的胡同名稱表示不可思議，耳朵眼、椅子背、豆芽菜、象鼻子坑、燜葫蘆罐、石老娘、王寡婦、大腳、臭皮等，都是胡同名，令人不得要領(lǐng)，不如其他的大城市，如上海、天津等，用地名或事件作為該市地名，或稱道，或稱路，讓人一目了然。其實(shí)北京的地名也是有其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的，只是沒(méi)有引起人們的注意罷了。如果稍加分析，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，北京的這些地名都與人們的生活或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。之所以人們覺(jué)得它們?nèi)绱宋寤ò碎T、雜亂無(wú)章，主要是因?yàn)檫@些名稱出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間有先后，社會(huì)現(xiàn)象復(fù)雜造成的?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，北京的這些胡同名稱是自然形成的，并非出于行政命令，統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，而且是源于生活
第4篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
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天壇，在北京市南部，東城區(qū)永定門內(nèi)大街東側(cè)。下文是關(guān)于介紹天壇的導(dǎo)游詞范文，供大家閱讀參考。
各位團(tuán)友
我們現(xiàn)在們?cè)谔靿恼押嚅T，也就是現(xiàn)在天壇的南大門。
天壇，位于北京城區(qū)的東南部，原是明、清兩代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大的祭天建筑群。
天壇，建于明朝永樂(lè)四年至十八年(1406——1420)，與紫禁城(故宮)同時(shí)興建。耗時(shí)2022年，距今已有580多年歷史。其占地273公頃，比故宮大3.7倍，略小于頤和園。整個(gè)建筑布局呈"回"字形，分為內(nèi)外壇兩大部分，各有壇墻圍括。外壇墻總長(zhǎng)6416米，原來(lái)僅設(shè)西門，為天壇的正門，是當(dāng)年皇帝前來(lái)天壇祭祀時(shí)進(jìn)出的大門。現(xiàn)在的東、南、北各門，都是后來(lái)開(kāi)辟的。內(nèi)壇墻總長(zhǎng)3292米，分設(shè)有東、南、西、北四大"天門"。明代初年，祭天地都在此處舉行，名為天地壇。嘉靖九年(1530年)，在北郊另建方澤壇(地壇)后，才實(shí)行天地分祭，從此這里專門用于祭天，成為名副其實(shí)的天壇。 歷代封建皇帝對(duì)祭天活動(dòng)都極為重視，每年要兩次親臨天壇祭天。第一次是在農(nóng)歷正月十五日，至祈年殿舉行祈谷禮，祀(si)"皇天上帝"保佑五谷豐登，第二次是在冬至，至圜丘壇稟告五谷業(yè)已豐收，感謝天帝的保佑之恩。新中國(guó)成立后，天壇回到了真正當(dāng)家作主的人民手中，并被列為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。
我們從南門進(jìn)去，向北走，首先看到的就是在昭亨門西面的三座高大的石臺(tái)，它叫作臺(tái)。臺(tái)上有長(zhǎng)桿，叫望燈桿，該桿始建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，桿長(zhǎng)九丈九尺九寸。祭天時(shí)，三根燈桿上各吊一只直徑六尺、高八尺的大燈籠，所用特制，長(zhǎng)四尺，粗一尺，并鑄有凸龍花紡。燃點(diǎn)時(shí)不滅，不流油，不剪蠟花，可燃燒十二個(gè)小時(shí)，名為“蟠龍通宵寶蠟”。
此刻在我們眼前的便是圜丘壇俗稱祭天臺(tái)，這是名副其實(shí)的天壇。建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，清乾隆十四年(1749)擴(kuò)建，是一座四周由白石雕欄圍護(hù)的三層石造圓臺(tái)，通高五米，明、清兩代，每年冬至日皇帝親臨的祭天禮儀，就在此壇舉行。 圜丘壇在建筑形式上，有著許多神奇有趣的說(shuō)法。這是我國(guó)古代人民巧妙運(yùn)用幾何學(xué)原理設(shè)計(jì)的一座杰出建筑，各項(xiàng)建筑材料的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算均極其精確，其中包含"九"的含義與運(yùn)用深為中外廣大游人所贊嘆與稱奇。
圜丘壇共分三層，每層四面各有臺(tái)階九級(jí)。每層周圍都設(shè)有精雕細(xì)刻的漢白玉石欄桿。欄桿的數(shù)字均為九或九的倍數(shù)，即上層72根、中層108根、下層180根。同時(shí)，各層鋪設(shè)的扇面形石板，也是九或九的倍數(shù)。如最上層的中心是一塊圓形大理石(稱作天心石或太極石)，從中心石向外，第一環(huán)為9塊，第二環(huán)18塊，到第九環(huán)81塊;中層從第十環(huán)的90塊至十八環(huán)的162塊;下層從十九環(huán)的171塊至二十七環(huán)的243塊，三層共378個(gè)"九"，為3402塊。 同時(shí)，上層直徑為9丈(取一九)，中層直徑為十五丈(取三五)，下層直徑為21丈(取三七)，合起來(lái)45丈，不但是九的倍數(shù)，而且還有"__"之尊的含義。為什么要用九或九的倍數(shù)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)建造祭壇呢?原因是：一、據(jù)神話傳說(shuō)，皇天上帝是住在九重天里，用九或九的倍數(shù)來(lái)象征九重天，以表示天體的至高與至大。二、在我國(guó)古代把單數(shù)(奇數(shù))看作陽(yáng)數(shù)，而將雙數(shù)(偶數(shù))視為陰數(shù)。天為陽(yáng)、地為陰。天壇是用來(lái)祭天的，只能用陽(yáng)數(shù)進(jìn)行建筑。而"九"又被視為"極陽(yáng)數(shù)"，這是最吉祥的數(shù)字。除了封建迷信的因素外，而這種設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)制，卻反映出當(dāng)時(shí)工匠們高超的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)和計(jì)算才能，實(shí)在令人嘆服。
從南門進(jìn)入圜丘壇，在內(nèi)墻南隅有一座用綠琉璃磚砌成的燔爐，是祭天時(shí)焚燒松柏木和祭祀后燒祝版、祝帛的地方，燔爐旁有一座瘞坎，祭典結(jié)束，把揚(yáng)供全牛的尾毛血等埋在坎內(nèi)，像征不忘祖先茹毛飲血的意思。大家看在燔爐前排有8座燎爐，這些是專為祭天時(shí)焚燒松柏枝、松花、松塔等用的，在壇東、西門內(nèi)還各有一對(duì)。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到了皇穹宇，它距今已有四百多年歷史。殿高19.5米，底部直徑15.6米。磚木結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)殿宇用八根檐柱支撐，頂無(wú)橫梁，由眾多斗拱層層上疊，天花板層層收縮，組成美麗的穹窿圓頂式的藻井。殿內(nèi)正中的石臺(tái)寶座，是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;寶座前左右的石臺(tái)，是放置皇帝歷代祖先牌位之處。殿外的東西配殿，為供奉日月星辰和云雨風(fēng)雷諸神牌位之所?，F(xiàn)按原樣陳列，并塑有清代祭天官員的蠟像。
現(xiàn)在是我給大家介紹回音壁，它是指圍括皇穹宇和東西配殿的高大的圓形圍墻而言。圍墻周長(zhǎng)193.2米，直徑61.5米，墻高3.72 米，厚0.9米。如果兩個(gè)人分別站在院內(nèi)東西配殿后的墻下，均面部朝北對(duì)墻低聲說(shuō)話，可像打電話一樣互相對(duì)話，極其奇妙有趣，這就是回音壁得名的由來(lái)。
下面介紹的是迷人的圓心石回音 圜丘壇上層中心有一塊圓心石，是游人最感興趣的又一奇妙之處。當(dāng)你站在圓心石上輕聲說(shuō)話時(shí)，自己聽(tīng)起來(lái)聲音很宏大，有共鳴性回音之感。但站在第二、三環(huán)以外的人，則無(wú)此種感覺(jué)。為什么呢?原來(lái)，這也是一種聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象：由于壇面十分光潔平滑，聲波傳到周圍等距離的石欄圍板后，能夠迅速地被反射回來(lái)。據(jù)聲學(xué)專家測(cè)驗(yàn)，從發(fā)音到聲波再回到圓心石的時(shí)間，總共僅有零點(diǎn)零七秒鐘。說(shuō)話者根本無(wú)法分清它的原音和回音，所以站在圓心石的人聽(tīng)起來(lái)，其共鳴性回音就格外響亮。封建統(tǒng)治者則把這種聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象說(shuō)成是"上天垂象"，是天下萬(wàn)民對(duì)于朝廷的無(wú)限歸心與一致響應(yīng)，同時(shí)并賦予"億兆景從石"的美名。
我們從在皇穹宇的西面出在，在這里有一株古柏，名為九龍柏，樹(shù)干扭結(jié)糾屈，宛如九條盤(pán)旋而上的蟠龍，故此得名。據(jù)傳這棵古柏生長(zhǎng)于建壇之前，已有近千年歷史。 天壇境內(nèi)廣植有樹(shù)齡悠長(zhǎng)、樹(shù)身高大、四季不凋、繁茂蒼翠的松樹(shù)和柏樹(shù)。樹(shù)海林濤，森森淼淼，以造成一種"海闊天空"的廣漠景象。
我們現(xiàn)在腳下的路叫做丹陛橋，這明明是一條筆直坦蕩的大道，為何又稱"橋"呢?因?yàn)樵诘缆废卤儆幸粋€(gè)券洞，與上面的大道正好形成立體交叉，故稱為橋。這是一條南北走向的石砌臺(tái)基大道。全長(zhǎng)360米，寬約30米，整個(gè)橋體由南向北逐漸升高，南端高約1米，北端高達(dá)3米左右。如此設(shè)計(jì)建造，一則象征皇帝步步高升，寓升天之意;二則表示從人間到天上，具有遙遠(yuǎn)的路程。丹陛橋?yàn)樘靿瘍?nèi)壇的主軸線，起著連接南端圜丘壇和北端祈谷壇兩組建筑物的重要作用。橋面中心線的石板道叫"神道"，神道左右兩側(cè)的條石道，分別叫"御道"和"王道"。天帝神靈走"神道"，皇帝走御道，王公大臣走王道。
此刻我們腳下的便是進(jìn)牲門-俗稱"鬼門關(guān)"，為什么要叫"鬼門關(guān)"呢?因?yàn)橛诩廊涨埃鈮髂嫌鐮奚?所牧"和"所軍"，需從此洞門自西向東趕運(yùn)牛、羊、鹿、兔等至宰牲亭屠宰。這一活動(dòng)叫"進(jìn)牲"。因凡經(jīng)過(guò)此門的牲畜，全被宰殺無(wú)存，用以制作供品，故有"鬼門關(guān)"之稱。
沿著丹陛橋繼續(xù)向北走，現(xiàn)在在我們左邊的是具服臺(tái)，它位設(shè)于丹陛橋北段東側(cè)，為一座凸字形平臺(tái)。這是皇帝前往祈年殿行祀谷禮時(shí)，更換冕服(祭服)的地方。
在西面是齋宮，坐落于西天門內(nèi)大道南側(cè)的松柏綠樹(shù)叢中，原是封建皇帝來(lái)天壇祈谷、祀天前進(jìn)行齋戒沐浴的地方。齋宮占地四萬(wàn)平方米，建筑呈四方形，內(nèi)有正殿、寢宮、鐘樓等。四周筑有兩重圍墻和一道護(hù)城河，建筑講究，警衛(wèi)森嚴(yán)。走進(jìn)齋宮正門，迎面便是氣勢(shì)巍峨的正殿，紅墻綠瓦，甚為壯觀。據(jù)說(shuō)用這種綠瓦以表示皇帝至此不敢妄自尊大，而只能"對(duì)天稱臣"的意思。殿分五間，呈拱券形，為磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)。整個(gè)殿堂不用梁、枋大木，因此也叫"無(wú)梁殿"。 殿前丹墀上有兩座石亭，右邊的一座較小，是放時(shí)辰牌位的 地方。左邊的一座呈正方形，較為高大，名"齋戒銅人石亭"。據(jù)史料記載：皇帝齋戒期間，亭內(nèi)設(shè)方幾一 張，罩黃云緞桌衣，上設(shè)一尺五寸高的銅人像一尊。銅人雙手恭奉簡(jiǎn)牌一枚，上刻“齋戒”二字，以使皇帝"觸目驚心，恪(ke四音)恭罔懈"。意思是要皇帝有所警惕，不忘用心齋戒。 齋戒銅人在清代有三種形式：一為唐朝名臣魏征像，一為明初樂(lè)官冷謙像，一為明代太監(jiān)剛炳像。相傳這三人在歷史上都以剛直敢諫而著稱。此是明洪武十一年定下的制度，清代也沿用了下來(lái)。按規(guī)定，這里所設(shè)的銅人為冷謙像。
現(xiàn)在我們眼前的便是祈年殿和祈谷壇，這里是明清兩代皇帝孟春祈谷的圣地。祈年殿采用上屋下壇的構(gòu)造形式，三重檐逐層向上收束，作傘狀，豎立于高5.6米，占地5900平方米的三層白石雕欄環(huán)抱的圓壇之上，祈年殿俗稱無(wú)梁殿，整座建筑不用大梁長(zhǎng)檁及鐵釘，完全依靠二十八根擎天柱及眾多的枋、木兌、桷、閂支撐和榫接起來(lái)。該殿建于明永樂(lè)十八年(1420)，初名大祀殿，呈長(zhǎng)方形。明嘉靖九年(1530)，改成三重檐圓殿，并自上而下依次覆蓋青、黃、綠的三色瓦，改名大享殿。清乾隆十七年(175年)改為今名，同時(shí)一律改為覆蓋深藍(lán)色琉璃瓦，以象征藍(lán)天。光緒十五年(1889)，該殿毀于雷火，次年又按原樣重建。陳列于殿前的青銅大鼎爐，均是幾百年前的文物。殿內(nèi)柱子的數(shù)目，據(jù)說(shuō)是按天象設(shè)立的。里層的四根鎏金通天柱，叫"龍井柱"，柱高18.5米，底部直徑1.2米，兩人也難合抱，象征春夏秋冬四季。中層的12根朱紅金柱，象征一年12個(gè)月。外層的12根檐柱，象征一天的12個(gè)時(shí)辰。中層12根金柱和外層12根檐柱相加為24根，象征一年中的24個(gè)節(jié)氣。金柱、檐柱和龍井柱相加為28根，象征周天28星宿。再加大殿寶頂藻井周圍的8根童柱，共計(jì)36根，象征36天罡。寶頂中心的雷公柱，則象征著天帝的"一統(tǒng)天下"。
下面我們看到的是皇乾殿，原是平時(shí)放置皇天上帝牌位和皇帝祖先牌位的地方，又有祈谷壇寢宮之稱。后來(lái)，祭祀儀式中所使用的旌旗、儀仗、樂(lè)器等物亦存放于此。內(nèi)藏不少祭祀文物，現(xiàn)按原樣陳列，并塑有清代皇帝的祭天蠟像，常年供游人觀覽。
位于祈年殿臺(tái)基前院落的東西兩側(cè)的是東、西配殿，原是分別放置日、月、星、辰和云、雨、風(fēng)、雷諸神牌位的地方?，F(xiàn)分別辟為陳列宮廷祭天古樂(lè)、禮儀，以及日、月、星、辰等神牌位之處。
我們現(xiàn)在看到的是“神廚”從前是為祭祀宰殺牲畜和制作祭品的地方。下面看到的是神庫(kù)，是收藏祭品的庫(kù)房。現(xiàn)在經(jīng)過(guò)呈"w"字形長(zhǎng)廊，它共七十二間，起著連結(jié)祈谷壇、神廚、神庫(kù)及運(yùn)送祭品的重要作用。該長(zhǎng)廊的間數(shù)正好與72地煞的數(shù)字相同，過(guò)去傳說(shuō)這是地煞鬼聚集的地方，廊內(nèi)燈籠式豎燈暗淡，陰森可怖。后來(lái)將其窗坎拆除，從而長(zhǎng)廊景觀大變，成為人們游樂(lè)的好去處。
天泉井于神庫(kù)門前有一眼水井，因其水清味甜而得名。祭天祈谷時(shí)用的供饌和糕點(diǎn)，全用此水調(diào)制。
現(xiàn)在在我們左手邊的是七星石位于長(zhǎng)廊東南側(cè)的曠地中，共有七大一小石塊。但為何稱作"七星石"呢? 據(jù)傳說(shuō)，明永樂(lè)帝遷都北京時(shí)，想修建一座祭天地的壇廟建筑，但難找到合適的地方。這時(shí)，有一晚他夢(mèng)見(jiàn)天上北斗七星落地于此，謂之天遂人意，為其解了不決之難，從而降旨于此地建造祭壇。 據(jù)資料記載，七星石為明代嘉靖九年，經(jīng)人工雕鑿后而置于此處的。嘉靖皇帝十分迷信道教，道士對(duì)他說(shuō)，祈年殿東南方太為空曠，這對(duì)他的皇位、壽命不利。于是便設(shè)七星石在此，以鎮(zhèn)壓風(fēng)水。在七星石東北隅還有一塊小石頭，據(jù)說(shuō)這是清朝統(tǒng)治者為了紀(jì)念他們的祖先功德而增置的。其設(shè)于七星石的東北方向，用以表示不忘本源之意。
這里是天壇的東門，關(guān)于天壇就給大家介紹到這里，謝謝大家
第5篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)904個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要3分鐘，共有134位用戶收藏，11人推薦！
北京故宮英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞
ladies and gentlemen:
i am pleased to serve as your guide today.
this is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.
it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-e_planatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-e_planatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the comple_. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the _ihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the _ihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.
第6篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)6469個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要17分鐘，共有159位用戶收藏，13人推薦！
明十三陵坐落于天壽山麓?？偯娣e一百二十余平方公里。距離北京約五十公里。十三陵地處東、西、北三面環(huán)山的小盆地之中，陵區(qū)周圍群山環(huán)抱，中部為平原，陵前有小河曲折蜿蜒，山明水秀，景色宜人。十三座皇陵均依山而筑，分別建在東、西、北三面的山麓上，形成了體系完整、規(guī)模宏大、氣勢(shì)磅礴的陵寢建筑群。下面是由小編為大家?guī)?lái)的關(guān)于北京十三陵英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞，希望能夠幫到您!
北京十三陵英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)游詞
he ming tombs are 40 kilometers north of beijing city on the southern slopes of tianshou mountain. they are the burial grounds of 13 ming dynasty emperors. in july 2022 the site was designated a world cultural heritage site by unesco.
empress _u died in the 5th year of yongle (1407). zhu di sent
zhao hong, secretary of the ministry of rites and a geomancer----liao junqing along with many others to beijing in search of an auspicious place for the tombs. it is said that this group of people first selected the area of tu jia ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldn't be used as the burial ground. ne_t they selected the foot of yangshan mountain, changping. however, since the surname of the emperor (zhu) is a homophone for pig and because a village named 'wolf mouth ravine' was located there, they decided against using that area. later, they found yan-jiatai west of beijing. again, since 'yanjia' was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemed unsuitable. it was not until the 7th year of yongle (1409), that they finally chose the present heavenly longevity mountain as their cemetery grounds.
the whole area covers 40 square kilometers. it has mountains to its east, west and north, and dragon mountain and tiger mountain are on either side of its southern entrance. the 13 tombs go from north to south. they are arranged in the manner of the imperial palace, with the administration area in the front and living quarters in the rear. in front of the tombs are divine passes, stone archways and steel towers. the precious city and ming tower stand over the underground palace.
there were 16 emperors during the ming dynasty. buried in the ming tombs, are 13 ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes, princesses and maids. the other 3 emperors, emperor zhu yuanzhang, zhu yunwen and zhu qiyu are buried in other locations.
the founder of the ming dynasty, zhu yuanzhang, established his capital in present day nanjing where he was buried after his death. his tomb is called _iaoling (tomb of filial piety).
the body of the second emperor of the ming, zhu yunwen, is missing. some said that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple and became a monk. there is no final conclusion yet.
the seventh ming emperor zhu qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elder brother zhu qizhen at jinshankou, a western suburb of beijing, because in the tumubao upheaval, emperor zhu qizhen became a captive and the younger brother of zhu qizhen. zhu qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later zhu qizhen was back and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the seizing gate upheaval.
the memorial arch was built in the 19th year of jiajing (1540) as a symbol of the ming tombs. it is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 arches supported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons and lotus flowers. the memorial arch is the biggest and the most e_quisite stone arch preserved in the country today. the major designs of dragon and cloud decorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. in addition, it also demonstrates the skillful artistry of the ming craftsmen.
the big palace gate is the front gate of the ming tombs, and is more commonly known as big red gate. facing south, there are three arch entrances to the gate, the main inlet to the ming tombs. flanking the gate are two stone tablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people to dismount, before entering into the tomb area. if they did not obey, they would be punished for their disrespect. the rules governing the ming tombs in the ming dynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood and break twigs would be flogged. those who came to fetch dirt and stone would be beheaded. those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged a hundred times.
the tablet house was built in the 10th year of _uande (1435), and stands about 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. a huge tablet stands in the middle of the tablet house. the front side bears an inscription by emperor renzong for chengzu. the reverse side is a poem by qing emperor qianlong recording in detail the conditions of the broken changling, yongling, dingling and _iling. on the east side is the record of e_penditures for repairing the ming tombs by the qing government. on the west side is an epitaph by qing emperor jiaqing. it was written in the 9th year of jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall of the ming dynasty.
on the north side of the tablet house, stands a group of stone carvings (36 in all). behind the house, there are two stone pillars. beyond the pillars are stone animals and other statues. lions, _ie zhi, camels, elephants, and qi lin horses .all of the animals are in two pairs. two stand, while the other two kneel. it is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials and officials of merit, four in each group. these stone animals and statues were made in the 10th year of _uande (1435). they reflect the imperial power when he was alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. the animals and statues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons and each was delicately and masterfully carved.
here stands ling _ing gate, also known as the unique dragon and phoeni_ gate, with the meaning of the gate of heaven. the gate is pierced with si_ door leaves, attached to three archways. the top of the central section of the three archways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as the flame archway. to the north of the dragon and phoeni_ gate there lays a seven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of changling. to the east of the seven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site of the seven-arch bridge.
actually we are standing on the a_le line of the ming tombs, otherwise known as the sacred way or the tomb path. we passed the memorial arch, the big palace gate, the tablet house, sacred way, stone animals and statues, and ling _ing gate. this seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north, all the way to the gate of changling.
now, we are moving to chang ling. changling is the first tomb built in the ming tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing emperor zhu di and his empress _u.
zhu di (chengzu) of the ming dynasty was the fourth son of the first emperor zhu yuanzhang, born in 1360. zhu di was conferred the title of the prince of yan in the 3rd year of hongwu (1370). he was appointed at beiping. after the death of zhu yuanzhang (the first ming emperor), zhu di used the prete_t of eliminating evil officials at the side of emperor jianwen to lead an army e_pedition down south to nanjing. he seized the throne in the 4th year of jianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in june inside the hall of ancestral worship in nanjing. zhu di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in the ming dynasty. as soon as he became the prince of yan, he led the generals out to battle. he had great achievements in calming down the north. after he took over his nephew's power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughout the country and consolidated the rule of the ming dynasty. he made the important decision to move the capital to beijing. during the rule of zhu di, magnificent developments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. in terms of culture, zhu di successively sent grand academician _ie jin, yan guang_iao and others to compile the yongle encyclopedia. the book has become the largest book ever complied in chinese history. for e_panding e_ternal e_changes and trade, zhu di selected eunuch zheng he to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold, silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast asia and africa seven times in the early years of yongle.
empress _u was buried together with emperor zhu di in changling. empress _ushi was the eldest daughter of _u da who was one of the founding fathers of the ming dynasty. throughout her lifespan, _u shi complied 20 articles of internal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate people's minds. she was the very first one to be buried in changling and in the ming tomb area.
the hall of eminent favor in changling is the best preserved among the thirteen tombs. it is a valuable relic of ancient china's wooden structures. it is nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in china. the roof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered with yellow glazed tiles. the hall is supported by 60 thick nanmu pillars, the middle four in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over one meter. it is known as the best nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
now we are going to dinging. dingling is located at the east foot of dayu mountain. buried here are the 13th ming emperor wanli (zhu yijun) and his two empresses _iaoduan and _iaojing. zhu yijun was the longest on the throne of the ming emperors. (he was emperor for 48 years). he was the greediest and laziest emperor in the ming dynasty. zhu yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9. after he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister zhang juzheng. at this time, various aspects of society gained development.
later ,zhang juzheng died of illness. not long after wanli managed state affairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb site when he went to pay homage to the ancestors' tombs. he spent eight million taels of silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and si_ years to build a high quality tomb dingling. after the dingling was completed, zhu yijun personally went to inspect it, and felt very satisfied with the result. he went so far as to hold a grand banquet in the underground palace, which was unheard of in history.
zhu yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. reflecting on his reign, he did not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. the state organ was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. later generations commented that the fall of the ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
zhu yijun had two empresses. empress _iaojing was originally a maid of wanli's mother cisheng. later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. that son was the one-month emperor guangzong (zhu changluo). she died of illness 9 years earlier than shenzong died. she was buried as a concubine at pinggangdi, around the east pit, at the heavenly longevity mount. after _iaojing was conferred the title of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the underground palace of dingling, and buried together with emperor wanli and empress _iaoduan on the same day. _iaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could not give birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. _iaoduan died of illness. a hundred days later, emperor wanli (zhu yijun) died too. empress _iaoduan, emperor wanli, and empress _iaojing were buried together in the underground palace.
the tablet in front of dingling has no words on it. it is called the wordless tablet. there is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a pattern of sea waves carved on the bottom. its base is composed of a tortoise (bi_i). it is said that the dragon has nine sons. in twelve of the ming tombs, e_cluding changling, all the tablets are wordless. originally there were no tablet houses in front of the tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first si_ tombs were completed. but the emperor jiajing at the time indulged in drinking, lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention on the inscriptions. consequently the si_ tablets are wordless. and in keeping with this tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
now we are arriving at the gate of eminent favor and the hall of eminent favor of dingling, the hall of eminent favor is also called hall of enjoyment. it was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificial rites. they were mostly destroyed when the qing soldiers came. and they were destroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
moving on, this is the e_hibition rooms that were built after the e_cavation of the underground palace. the e_hibition e_plains in detail the history of the tomb master and introduces the tomb e_cavation process. the e_hibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. in the south room, on display are the sacrificial objects of emperor wanli unearthed from the underground palace. in the north room, on display are the sacrificial items of the two empresses. all of then are fancy and invaluable.
now we arrive at the soul tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. it is a stone structure with colorful painted decorations. the soul tower and the precious citadel of dingling have never been damaged seriously. the soul tower is the best preserved architecture above the ground of dingling. on top of the yellow, glazed tiled roof of the soul tower sits a big stone tablet. two chinese characters----dingling, are carved on the tablet. inside the soul tower, on top of another stone tablet, there are two big characters----'the great ming' written in seal characters. on the body of the tablet, seven chinese characters-----'tomb of emperor shenzong _ian' are carved. the soul tower is connected with the precious citadel. the precious citadel is a large round wall built with bricks. the precious citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upper part is thin. the round wall's perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wall is a large artificial mound, the emperor's tomb mound, known as precious top.
dingling is the only ming tomb to be e_cavated. formal e_cavation work started in may 1956 and ended in 1958. first, the working personnel discovered an e_posed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the precious citadel of dingling. so they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. at the bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. three months later, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the soul tower, they dug the second tunnel. during the digging, they encountered with a stone tablet which inscribed the words ' from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies the precious wall'. therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up the underground palace.
according to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the third tunnel, they found a stone tunnel. at last they got to the precious wall. thus they opened the precious wall with a square stone room. to the west end of the room, lay two marble doors. the working personnel used a wire and wood plank to remove the ' self-acting' stone bar, which was against the back of the door. with this method, they opened the entrance of the underground palace.
the palace has no beam which was built according to the principles of geomancy altogether there are five chambers. the chambers are separated by seven marble doors. the underground palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of 1,195 square meters. there is a same structure stone door in between the front, middle and rear chambers. the door is made of marble. the biggest marble door is 3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. it looks heavy, but it is reasonably designed. the pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door a_le, so the door is easy to open and close. on top of the door is a lintel (made of bronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. carved on the front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals with rings in their mouths. located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is a protruding section that holds the door's 'self-acting' stone bar.
the front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. the floor is covered with gold bricks. according to records, the gold bricks are smooth and durable. the more you polish them, the brighter they become. there are no decorations in the front and two anne_ chambers. in the middle chamber, there are three marble thrones for emperor wanli and his two empresses, known as the precious thrones. in the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazed offerings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of jiajing year's style with a cloud-and-dragon design. it is about 0.7 meters in diameter. originally there was sesame oil in the jar. on the surface of the oil was a copper tube with a wick inside. it is called the 'everlasting lamp'. due to the lack of o_ygen, the light went out so the oil had not been used all.
the rear chamber is the biggest of the three. it is 9.5 meters high, 31 meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. in the rear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. placed on the platform are the coffins of emperor wanli and his two empresses as well as 26 vermilion bo_es filled with funeral objects.
in the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filled with soil called gold well. putting jade stone around the coffin or inside the coffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being ' buried with jade. ' ancient people believed gold well was the pit of geomancy. it could prevent the body from decay for a long time. being 'buried with jade' on a gold well was the highest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
originally the empress's coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber. then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as the emperor's? in 1620, first empress _iaoduan died in april, then in july emperor wanli also died. after that, the son of zhu changluo died 29 days after his succession. in only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died in succession. in addition they had removed empress _iaojing's coffin to dingling. all the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned emperor zhu youjian. the preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearly recorded in historical documents). the rainy season had already arrived before the funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress' anne_ chamber may not have been convenient to open. so the coffins of the emperor, empresses all entered the underground palace through the front entrance. after the coffins entered the underground palace, since the passage to the anne_ chambers were narrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. so they had to put all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
now please follow me out of the underground palace. and our tour for today is completed. i hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable. we now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at 4:00pm. thank you.
第7篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)719個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要2分鐘，共有168位用戶收藏，15人推薦！
北京是有著三千年歷史的國(guó)家歷史文化名城。北京在歷史上曾為六朝都城，在從燕國(guó)起的20xx多年里，建造了許多宏偉壯麗的宮廷建筑，使北京成為中國(guó)擁有帝王宮殿、園林、廟壇和陵墓數(shù)量最多，內(nèi)容最豐富的城市。其中北京故宮，明朝時(shí)叫大內(nèi)宮城，清朝時(shí)叫紫禁城，這里原為明、清兩代的皇宮，住過(guò)24個(gè)皇帝，建筑宏偉壯觀，完美地體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的古典風(fēng)格和東方格調(diào)，是中國(guó)乃至全世界現(xiàn)存最大的宮殿，是中華民族寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)。天壇以其布局合理、構(gòu)筑精妙而揚(yáng)名中外，是明、清兩代皇帝“祭天”
四合院是以正房、倒座房、東西廂房圍繞中間庭院形成平面布局的北方傳統(tǒng)住宅的統(tǒng)稱。北京四合院源于元代院落式民居，是老北京城最主要的民居建筑。一座座青瓦灰磚的四合院之間形成的窄巷，就是著名的老北京胡同。
北京的宗教寺廟遍布京城，現(xiàn)存著名的有：佛教的法源寺、潭柘寺、戒臺(tái)寺、云居寺、八大處等。道教的白云觀等。伊斯蘭教的北京牛街禮拜寺等。藏傳佛教(喇嘛教)的雍和宮等，天主教西什庫(kù)天主堂、王府井天主堂等?；浇痰母淄呤薪烫谩⒊缥拈T教堂等。
北京中軸線是指元、明、清時(shí)的北京城的中軸線，北京的城市規(guī)劃具有以宮城為中心左右對(duì)稱的特點(diǎn)。北京的中軸線南起永定門，北至鐘鼓樓，長(zhǎng)約7.8公里。從南往北依次為，永定門，前門箭樓，正陽(yáng)門，中華門，天安門， 端門，午門，紫禁城，神武門，景山，地安門，后門橋，鼓樓和鐘樓。從這條中軸線的南端永定門起，就有天壇、先農(nóng)壇;太廟、社稷壇;東華門、西華門;安定門，德勝門以中軸線為軸對(duì)稱分布。中國(guó)著名建筑大師梁思成先生曾經(jīng)說(shuō)：“北京的獨(dú)有的壯美秩序就由這條中軸線的建立而產(chǎn)生。” 永定門、中華門、地安門都在中華人民共和國(guó)成立后被拆毀，而近年來(lái)又重新修建了永定門城樓。
第8篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)449個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要2分鐘，共有160位用戶收藏，17人推薦！
各位游客，大家好!今天我要帶大家去頤和園 各位游客，大家好!今天我要帶大家去頤和園游玩，希望大家在頤和園留下一段美好的回憶。我叫黃嘉儀，你們叫我黃總導(dǎo)。
現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)來(lái)到了長(zhǎng)廊。你們看，綠漆的柱子，紅漆的欄桿，一眼望不到頭。這條長(zhǎng)廊有七、八百米長(zhǎng)，分成二百三十七間。每一間的橫檻上都有五彩的花，畫(huà)著人物、花草、風(fēng)景，幾千幅畫(huà)沒(méi)有哪兩幅是相同的。長(zhǎng)廊兩旁栽滿了花木，這一種花還沒(méi)謝，那一種花又開(kāi)了。微風(fēng)從左邊的昆明湖上吹來(lái)，使人神清氣爽，你感覺(jué)到了嗎?
大家看，我們現(xiàn)在走到了長(zhǎng)廊的盡頭。我們面前就是萬(wàn)壽山。大家抬頭向上看，那一座八角寶塔形的三層建筑聳立在半山腰上，黃色的琉璃瓦閃閃發(fā)光。那就是佛香閣。下面的一排排金碧輝煌的宮殿，就是排云殿。
下面請(qǐng)大家隨我一起去游覽一下昆明湖吧!你們看，昆明湖多美呀!靜得像一面鏡子，綠得像一塊碧玉。游船、畫(huà)舫在湖面慢慢地滑過(guò)，幾乎不留一點(diǎn)兒痕跡。
頤和園的景色說(shuō)也說(shuō)不盡。你們看那，還有湖心島和十七孔橋，請(qǐng)你們自己細(xì)細(xì)觀賞吧!今天大家玩得開(kāi)心嗎?希望你們下次來(lái)，我還是你們的導(dǎo)游。
第9篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)389個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要1分鐘，共有161位用戶收藏，17人推薦！
各位來(lái)賓朋友：大家好!歡迎大家來(lái)到北京的故宮，我是你們的導(dǎo)游瑩瑩，今天就由我?guī)ьI(lǐng)大家一起游北京故宮。
我先介紹一下故宮的概況。
故宮建于北京的中央，以南北為中軸線，座北朝南，充分體現(xiàn)了皇權(quán)至上的封建統(tǒng)治思想。故宮城外是皇城，皇城外又有北京城，真是城城包圍!
歷史上，故宮因火災(zāi)或者其它原因，曾多次的重建，但基本格局沒(méi)有改變，主要分為外朝和內(nèi)廷兩部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，文華、武英兩殿為兩翼，是皇帝上朝接受朝賀、接見(jiàn)群臣和舉行大型典禮的地方。內(nèi)廷有乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮、御花園及兩側(cè)分列的東西六宮，是封建皇帝進(jìn)行日?；顒?dòng)和后妃皇子居住游玩及奉神的地方。
廣場(chǎng)南面的保和殿是外朝三在殿的最后一座，規(guī)格等級(jí)僅次于太和殿，面闊9間，進(jìn)深5間，重檐歇山頂，翼角置走獸9個(gè)，內(nèi)外檐均施金龍和璽彩畫(huà)，菱花梧扇，生落在高大的漢白玉“三臺(tái)”之上。
我的講解到此為止了，祝大家游玩愉快!
第10篇 北京的景點(diǎn)導(dǎo)游詞
閱讀小貼士：本篇共計(jì)662個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)看完需要2分鐘，共有173位用戶收藏，23人推薦！
各位游客朋友們，大家好!我是你們的導(dǎo)游，我姓趙，叫趙緣，大家可以叫我小趙。
今天我們游覽的景點(diǎn)是頤和園。頤和園是清代皇家園林，始建于1750年，曾兩次遭到英法聯(lián)軍和八國(guó)聯(lián)軍的搶掠和破壞，但在新中國(guó)成立后得到了很好的修繕和保護(hù)。“頤和”是頤養(yǎng)天年、身體健康的意思。當(dāng)年，慈禧太后選用“頤和”這個(gè)園名，是盼望能夠養(yǎng)好自己的身體。
各位游客，頤和園最有名的就是長(zhǎng)廊。看，綠色的柱子，紅色的欄桿，一眼望不到頭。這條長(zhǎng)廊有七百多米長(zhǎng)，分成了273間，每一間的橫檻上都畫(huà)著美麗的圖。但在上千幅圖畫(huà)中，沒(méi)有哪兩幅是相同的。長(zhǎng)廊旁的風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，栽滿了花木，一種花沒(méi)謝，另一種花就開(kāi)了。
我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)來(lái)到了萬(wàn)壽山腳下。好，現(xiàn)在抬頭，大家看到那座八角寶塔形的三層建筑了嗎?那就是佛香閣。下面那一排排金碧輝煌的宮殿，就是排云殿。
各位游客，我們現(xiàn)在正在萬(wàn)壽山上。向下望，頤和園的大半景色盡收眼底。郁郁蔥蔥的樹(shù)叢，掩映著黃的、綠的琉璃瓦屋頂和朱紅色的宮墻。正前面，是昆明湖。湖上的游船、畫(huà)舫在湖面上滑過(guò)。向東眺望，隱隱約約地可以望見(jiàn)幾座古城和城里的白塔。
從萬(wàn)壽山下來(lái)，就是昆明湖了。昆明湖圍著長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的堤岸，堤上有好幾座式樣不同的石橋，兩岸栽著許許多多的垂柳，風(fēng)光美麗極了!湖中心有個(gè)小島，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去，島上一片蔥綠。我們可以從石橋上走過(guò)，去小島游玩。
好了，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)來(lái)到石橋上了。這座橋有十七個(gè)橋洞，叫十七孔橋。橋欄桿上有上百根石柱，柱子上雕刻著小獅子。這么多獅子，沒(méi)有兩只是一樣的。
各位游客，今天的旅途到此結(jié)束，相信這次旅行一定能為你們留下美好的回憶。
