秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板1
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)307個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)1分鐘,有260位用戶喜歡。
旅客們各人好,我是這次帶你們?nèi)ヂ眯袣馄呛陚サ那厝竹R俑的導(dǎo)游,我姓丁,各人可以叫我丁導(dǎo)游。
秦戎馬俑是在西安的臨潼出土 ,它全球無(wú)雙,局限弘大,差不多有五十個(gè)籃球場(chǎng)那么大。
戎馬俑不只局限弘大,并且范例浩瀚,本性光鮮。
將軍桶身段魁梧,頭戴鶡冠,身披鎧甲,手握寶劍,仰面挺胸,那模樣外形自若的樣子,一看就知道是久經(jīng)疆場(chǎng),重任在肩。
騎兵俑上身著短甲,下身著緊口褲,足登長(zhǎng)靴,右手執(zhí)韁繩,左手持弓箭,仿佛隨時(shí)要上馬沖殺。
每個(gè)戎馬俑都是極為精細(xì)的藝術(shù)品,它模樣外形各異,有的緊握雙拳,仿佛在聽(tīng)軍號(hào),待命出征;有的注視遠(yuǎn)方,好象在忖量親人……走近它們身旁,險(xiǎn)些能感想呼吸聲。
我的講授完了,請(qǐng)各人去逐步“咀嚼”吧!
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板2
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)3155個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)8分鐘,有244位用戶喜歡。
emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had anne_ed the si_ rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.
in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.
after he had anne_ed the other si_ states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned e_cept those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.”
emperor qin shihuang,for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been e_cavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot e_cavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and lu_urious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.
no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of _iyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.
no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.
no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to te_tual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of he_i corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the e_hibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by _iang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the si_ states and unifying the whole country.
the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial e_pressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the si_ traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-a_es, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were e_quisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are e_act imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking lu_urious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wa_ casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the e_cavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides e_tremely valuable material and data for the te_tual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.
no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when e_cavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally e_hibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板3
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)804個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)3分鐘,有147位用戶喜歡。
各位游客:
大家上午好,我是秦始皇兵馬俑旅行社的導(dǎo)游,我姓陶,名菁,你們可以叫我陶導(dǎo),也可以叫我小陶。在這里,我首先提一個(gè)小小的要求,就是在我們游覽的時(shí)候請(qǐng)注意里面的衛(wèi)生。希望大家今天在我的帶領(lǐng)下可以開(kāi)開(kāi)心心地度過(guò)。
秦始皇兵馬俑博物館里面一共有三個(gè)俑坑,一號(hào),二號(hào),三號(hào)。一號(hào)俑坑最大。接下來(lái)我們就去一號(hào)俑坑看看吧!
看吧,我們現(xiàn)在所在的位子就是一號(hào)俑坑,它的東西長(zhǎng)230米,南北寬62米,總面積14260平方米??永锏谋R俑一行行、一列列,十分整齊,排成了一個(gè)巨大的長(zhǎng)方形軍陣,真像是秦始皇當(dāng)年統(tǒng)率的一支南征北戰(zhàn)、所向披靡的大軍。
我們?cè)谌齻€(gè)俑坑中發(fā)掘出大量的陶俑、戰(zhàn)車、兵器??觾?nèi)出土的劍、矛、戟、彎弓等青銅兵器,雖然埋在土里已有兩千多年,依然刃鋒銳利、閃閃發(fā)光,可謂是冶金史上的奇跡。
已發(fā)掘的三個(gè)俑坑,總面積近20000平方米,差不多有五十個(gè)籃球場(chǎng)那么大,坑內(nèi)有兵馬俑近八千個(gè)。你們知道為什么秦始皇陵有那么多兵馬俑嗎?因?yàn)椋嘿冈谥袊?guó)歷史上有一定的位置,它能充分反映主人生前的地位、權(quán)勢(shì)和威嚴(yán),所以許多朝代都有專門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)制造俑的機(jī)構(gòu)。秦始皇建立了中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的中央集權(quán)的封建國(guó)家,在中國(guó)歷史上具有重要的地位,因此,他的陵墓也要反映出他生前的業(yè)績(jī)。那么多的兵馬俑作陪葬,展現(xiàn)了秦軍的編制、裝備和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)陣法,反映了秦軍的強(qiáng)大。
你們看,這是什么?——對(duì)!這是將軍俑,它身材魁梧,頭戴鹖冠,身上披著鎧甲,手握寶劍,昂首挺胸。這些是武士俑,平均身高約1.8米,體格健壯,體形勻稱。它們身穿戰(zhàn)袍,披掛鎧甲,腳登前端向上翹起的戰(zhàn)靴,手持兵器,整裝待發(fā)。
像這樣的俑還有很多,請(qǐng)大家在參觀過(guò)程中千萬(wàn)注意環(huán)境衛(wèi)生,也不要亂摸,這些俑都是用土做的,很容易損壞的,希望大家好好保護(hù)我們的活化石。
接下來(lái),請(qǐng)大家自由到二號(hào)、三號(hào)坑參觀留影,2個(gè)小時(shí)后在大門(mén)口集合。
由于時(shí)間的關(guān)系,我們今天的游覽到此結(jié)束,希望大家平平安安地回家,有機(jī)會(huì)再來(lái)西安,我愿意再為大家服務(wù)。
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板4
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)3154個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)8分鐘,有256位用戶喜歡。
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum
emperor qin shihuang (259-210b.c.) had ying as his surname and zheng as his given name. he name to the throne of the qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. by 221 b.c., he had anne_ed the si_ rival principalities of qi, chu, yan, han, zhao and wei, and established the first feudal empire in china’s history.
in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.
after he had anne_ed the other si_ states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned e_cept those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)
emperor qin shihuang,for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been e_cavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot e_cavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and lu_urious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.
no.1 pit was stumbled upon in march 1974 when villagers of _iyang village of yanzhai township, lintong county, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. in 1976, no.2 and 3 pits were found 20m north of no.1 pit respectively after the drilling survey. the terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. this discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. in 1975, a museum, housing the site of no.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the state council. the museum was formally opened to public on oct.1, the national day, 1979.
no.1 pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. it is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. there are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. the pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. the battle formation of the qin dynasty, facing east. in the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. they are supposed to be the van of the formation. immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. they are probably the main body of the formation. there is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. they are probably the flanks and the rear. there are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from no.1 pit.
no.2 pit sis about half the size of no.1 pit, covering about 6,000 square meters trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. the 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. but their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. the copper parts of the chariots still remain. each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. according to te_tual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of he_i corridor. the horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
no.3 pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. now, no.2 and 3 pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the e_hibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. the floors of both no.1 and 2 pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. in these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. analysis shows that the pits were burned down by _iang yu, leader of a peasant army. all of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing emperor qin shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the si_ states and unifying the whole country.
the height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. they look healthy and strong and have different facial e_pressions. probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the qin dynasy. they organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the si_ traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. the clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. as the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. however, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. they are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-a_es, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. these weapons were e_quisitely made. some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. this indicates that qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
in december 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum. these single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. the four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. the restored bronze chariots and horses are e_act imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
the chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. they have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking lu_urious, splendid and graceful. probably they were meant for the use of emperor qin shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. the bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wa_ casting, which shows a high level of technology. for instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. according to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. the e_cavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides e_tremely valuable material and data for the te_tual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the qin dynasty.
no.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when e_cavated. after two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally e_hibited in the museum on october 1, 1983. no.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板5
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)786個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)2分鐘,有219位用戶喜歡。
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta warriors and horses museum
in the year 221 b.c., when he unified the whole country, ying zheng styled himself emperor. he named himself shihuang di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. since then, the supreme feudal rulers of china’s dynasties had continued to call themselves huang di, the emperor.
after he had anne_ed the other si_ states, emperor qin shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. he standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. to protect against harassment by the hun aristocrats. emperor qin shihuang ordered the great wall be built. all these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned e_cept those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events were later called in history我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)the burning of books and the burying of confucian scholars.我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)
emperor qin shihuang,for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the guanzhong plain. these palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been e_cavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot e_cavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and lu_urious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板6
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)756個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)2分鐘,有126位用戶喜歡。
西安秦始皇兵馬俑博物館導(dǎo)游詞
各位游客,大家好!歡迎來(lái)到美麗的西安,今天我們所要參觀的我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)歷史我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)悠久的秦始皇陵兵馬俑。
秦始皇陵兵馬俑陪葬坑,可稱作世界上最大的地下軍事博物館。它南依驪山,北臨渭水,環(huán)境優(yōu)美,地勢(shì)險(xiǎn)峻。在1978年,法國(guó)前總統(tǒng)希拉克參觀后說(shuō):“世界上有了七大奇跡,秦俑的發(fā)現(xiàn),可以說(shuō)是八大奇跡了。不看金字塔,不算到埃及;不看秦俑,不算到中國(guó)。”因此,1978年12月21日,聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織將秦兵馬俑列入了《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。是啊,世上并不缺少美,而是缺少發(fā)現(xiàn)美的眼睛。
讓我們進(jìn)去看看吧!已發(fā)掘的三個(gè)俑坑中,一號(hào)坑最大,總面積14260平方米,兵馬俑數(shù)最多,有六千多個(gè)。
快看!站在最前面的是將軍俑。將軍俑身材魁梧,頭戴鹖冠,身披鎧甲,手握寶劍,昂首挺胸。那神態(tài)自若的樣子,一看就知道是久經(jīng)沙場(chǎng),重任在肩了。
將軍俑后面的是武士俑,武士俑平均身高約1.8米,體格健壯,體形勻稱。它們身穿戰(zhàn)袍,披掛鎧甲,腳登前端向上翹起的戰(zhàn)靴,手持兵器,整裝待發(fā)。
最后面的是騎兵俑,它們上身著戰(zhàn)甲,下身著緊口褲,足登長(zhǎng)靴,右手執(zhí)韁繩,左手持弓箭。
陶馬與真馬一般大小,一匹匹形體健壯,肌肉豐滿。有的好像等人騎在它背上,才站起來(lái)似的;有的那躍躍越試的樣子,好像一聲令下,就會(huì)撒開(kāi)四蹄,騰空而起,踏上征程。
每個(gè)兵馬俑都是極為精美的藝術(shù)珍品,仔細(xì)端詳,神態(tài)各異,有的領(lǐng)首低眉,若有所思,好像在考慮如何相互配合,戰(zhàn)勝敵人;有的目光炯炯,神態(tài)莊重,好像在暗下決心,誓言秦國(guó)統(tǒng)一天下作殊死拼搏;有的緊握雙拳,好像在聽(tīng)侯號(hào)角,待命出征;有的凝視遠(yuǎn)方,好像在思念家鄉(xiāng)的親人……走近它們的身旁,似乎能感受到輕微的呼吸聲。
今天的觀光游覽就要結(jié)束了,希望西安秦始皇陵兵馬俑之游能成為您記憶中最美好的一段時(shí)光,再見(jiàn)!
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板7
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狂天,我們將參觀舉世聞名的秦始皇兵馬俑博物館。秦兵馬俑博物館位于西安市以東35公里處。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō)過(guò):我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)世界上原有七大奇跡,秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn),可以說(shuō)是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔。不算真正到過(guò)埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)。我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)1987年12月,秦始皇陵及秦始皇陵兵馬俑被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)。下面,我給大家介紹一下被稱為千古一帝的秦始皇。
秦始皇于公元前259年生于趙國(guó)國(guó)都邯鄲。13歲繼承了王位。22歲舉行加冕禮親政并平息了嫪?dú)眳尾豁f的叛亂。從公元前230年到公元前221年,用10年的時(shí)間滅亡了東方六國(guó),結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500多年各諸侯國(guó)割據(jù)稱雄的混亂局面,建立了我國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)中央集權(quán)制的封建王朝——秦。為封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化的迅速發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
秦始皇認(rèn)為自己我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)功高三皇,德過(guò)五帝我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)于是各取一字稱皇帝,并希望子孫千世萬(wàn)世,于是自稱始皇帝。為了鞏固統(tǒng)一,加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)治,他建立了以自己為中心的三公九卿官僚制度,以郡縣制取代分封制,同一法律、文字、貨幣和度量衡,統(tǒng)一車軌,修馳道;統(tǒng)一思想,焚書(shū)坑儒;北擊匈奴筑長(zhǎng)城,南平百越修靈渠,這一系列的措施,對(duì)后世都產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。公元210年,秦始皇在第五次出巡中,暴病死于河北沙丘,同年葬于臨潼驪山的陵墓之中。
秦始皇帝陵南靠驪山,背面與渭水相鄰。驪山風(fēng)景如畫(huà),綠樹(shù)成蔭。現(xiàn)在我們就來(lái)到了秦始皇陵,我們看到的這個(gè)巨大的封土堆,就是秦陵了。
秦兵馬俑博物館是我國(guó)最大的遺址性專題博物館。展出的文物距今約20__多年的秦兵馬俑和銅車馬。秦俑坑是1974年時(shí),由西楊村的幾個(gè)農(nóng)民在抗旱打井時(shí)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的??脊艑W(xué)家根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)間的先后,把它們編為一、二、三號(hào)坑。秦兵俑出土后,以其嚴(yán)密的軍事組織,雄偉壯觀的氣勢(shì),精美的雕刻藝術(shù),深厚的文化內(nèi)涵征服了世界,被譽(yù)為我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)20世紀(jì)最偉大的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)之一我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn),被譽(yù)為我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)世界第八大奇跡我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)1987年12月秦始皇兵馬俑被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄??偯娣e為2萬(wàn)平方米。有陶俑、陶馬8000多件。是一座龐大的地下軍陣,也是一座重要的古代藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)。秦俑坑是秦軍的縮影,它生動(dòng)的再現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)秦國(guó)兵強(qiáng)馬壯的威武場(chǎng)面。李白在詩(shī)中描寫(xiě)的我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)秦王掃六合,虎視何雄哉!揮劍決浮云,諸侯盡西來(lái)。我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)即時(shí)對(duì)秦軍的氣勢(shì)作了生動(dòng)的描寫(xiě)。
我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到的就是一號(hào)坑,它是三個(gè)俑坑中面積最大的一個(gè)。它東西長(zhǎng)230米,南北寬62米,深5米,面積14260平方米,相當(dāng)于兩個(gè)足球場(chǎng)的面積。一號(hào)坑是由步兵和車兵組成的軍陣。所謂軍陣就是部隊(duì)在作戰(zhàn)或駐守時(shí)的一種排隊(duì)的方式。一號(hào)坑是以長(zhǎng)方陣的排列方式,由前鋒、主體、側(cè)翼、后衛(wèi)四部分組成。我們現(xiàn)在所看到面東而立的就是前鋒部隊(duì)。它一共是3排,每排70件,共210件。南、北、西端各有一排面外而立的武士俑是側(cè)翼和后衛(wèi),他們是為了防止敵人旁敲側(cè)擊和從背后偷襲。中間有38路面東而立的縱隊(duì),是由步兵和騎兵組成,構(gòu)成了整個(gè)軍陣的主體。參觀到這里,可能就有人要問(wèn)了,他是怎樣制作的呢?我們說(shuō)親用的制作可以用四句話來(lái)形容:我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)模塑結(jié)合、分段制作、入窯燒制、出窯彩繪。我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)他們是以泥土為原料,模塑結(jié)合,再輔以推,捏、刮、刻等技法。溫度一般在950—1050攝氏度之間。
三號(hào)坑位于一號(hào)坑以北25米處。面積為520平方米,平面呈凹字形,是三個(gè)俑坑中面積最小的一個(gè)。共出土四馬、一車和68個(gè)陶俑。三號(hào)坑陶俑的排列形式是面向內(nèi)相向夾道式排列。在三號(hào)坑中只發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種無(wú)刃兵器——銅殳。銅殳(shu)是一種用于儀仗的兵器。根據(jù)專家推測(cè),這里可能是整個(gè)地下軍隊(duì)的指揮部。三號(hào)坑主要由車馬房、南北廂房組成。車馬房位于俑坑的中部,面對(duì)坑道的東門(mén),這樣便于車馬進(jìn)入。而北廂房位于俑坑的北部。在北廂房?jī)?nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)禱戰(zhàn)廳。南廂房位于俑坑的南部,它從東向西依次排列著廊坊、俑道、正廳和偏房。它們都有武士俑分立于兩邊,其中以正廳的警衛(wèi)最多。這里可能是召開(kāi)軍事會(huì)議的場(chǎng)所。這一點(diǎn)也就完全證實(shí)了三號(hào)坑是一個(gè)地下軍隊(duì)的指揮部——軍幕。秦俑坑當(dāng)中既有我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)決勝于千里之外我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的強(qiáng)大軍陣,又有我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)運(yùn)籌于帷幄之中我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的將領(lǐng),可見(jiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)思慮嚴(yán)密,布局嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)了。而且戰(zhàn)車通身彩繪配上華蓋,車上的成員頭戴單卷尾長(zhǎng)冠,應(yīng)該是級(jí)別較高的指揮車了。
在一號(hào)坑以北20米處,是秦始皇兵馬俑的二號(hào)坑。它的平面呈曲尺形,面積為6000多平方米,是由步兵、騎兵、車兵和混合兵種組成的軍陣。他一共由四個(gè)小的單元構(gòu)成。第一個(gè)小陣是弩兵陣,其中約160個(gè)鎧甲俑做跪射狀,170個(gè)鎧甲俑作立射狀。臨陣時(shí),可輪番射擊敵人難以靠近:第二個(gè)小陣是車兵陣,共有戰(zhàn)車64乘,武士俑192件;第三個(gè)小陣是由戰(zhàn)車、車兵、步兵、騎兵混編的縱陣。這四個(gè)單元可以有機(jī)的構(gòu)成一個(gè)大的軍陣,也可以分開(kāi)成四個(gè)獨(dú)立的小的軍陣。它能攻能守,反應(yīng)迅速,自我保護(hù)力強(qiáng),可以說(shuō)是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上反應(yīng)最快速的一支部隊(duì)。
在二號(hào)坑中出土了大量的陶俑,其中有將軍俑、跪射俑、騎兵俑等。我們現(xiàn)在所看到的就是一個(gè)從二號(hào)坑中出土的將軍俑。將軍在軍隊(duì)中具有特殊的身份,所以他處處顯得與眾不同。將軍俑頭戴雙卷鹖尾長(zhǎng)冠,冠帶在頸下結(jié)繩并下垂胸前。將軍俑所戴的冠叫我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)鹖冠我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。據(jù)說(shuō)鹖是一種性情勇猛、善斗的鳥(niǎo)。將軍俑身穿雙重戰(zhàn)袍,戰(zhàn)袍外面的鎧甲形制特殊。雙肩及前后胸共有8個(gè)彩綢扎成的花結(jié),象征我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的軍工章。他腳蹬翹尖靴,雙手相疊置于腹前,顯得儒雅穩(wěn)健,氣度不凡。他手指前方,仿佛正在指揮千軍萬(wàn)馬如何作戰(zhàn)。
現(xiàn)在我們看到的這個(gè)跪射俑,身穿戰(zhàn)袍,外披鎧甲,頭頂左側(cè)挽一發(fā)髻,腳登方口齊頭翹尖履,左腿蹲曲,右膝著地,上體微向左側(cè)轉(zhuǎn),雙手在身體右側(cè)一上一下作握弓狀,表現(xiàn)出一個(gè)持弓的單兵操練動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在展示在各位面前的就是秦兵馬俑坑中出土的最引人注目的一把青銅劍了。我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)青銅我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)就是銅和錫的合金,因顏色青灰而得名。這把青銅劍已歷經(jīng)了20__多年,但是表面并沒(méi)有生銹,至今仍然是鋒利無(wú)比。在它剛剛出土?xí)r,專家們?cè)?jīng)用它一次劃透了20張紙。經(jīng)過(guò)鑒定,發(fā)現(xiàn)它表面有鉻鹽氧化層。它采用了鉻鹽氧化技術(shù)。鉻鹽氧化技術(shù)有兩種:一種是電子鍍鉻,在20世紀(jì)30年代由德國(guó)人發(fā)明。另一種是化學(xué)鍍鉻,在我國(guó)兩千多年前就已經(jīng)發(fā)明出來(lái)了,這一點(diǎn)實(shí)在是令人嘆服!
下面我將要帶領(lǐng)大家前去欣賞的是被譽(yù)為我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)奇中之奇,寶中之寶的秦陵彩繪銅車馬。
如果說(shuō)秦俑坑是大中顯武的話,那么銅車馬展廳就是小里透文了。前面的一號(hào)車為我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)高車我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)??傊貫?061公斤。后面的這輛為我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)鞍車我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)總重1241公斤。
我們?cè)賮?lái)看一下二號(hào)車上的華蓋。華蓋最厚處為4毫米,最薄處為2毫米。銅車馬采用了鑄造、鑲嵌、焊接子母扣連接而成的。最為廣泛的是子母扣連接,也就是我們今天所采用的手表鏈的連接方法。像馬龍頭就是由一節(jié)金管,一節(jié)銀管,采用子母扣連接而成的,裝飾的是纓絡(luò),采用了青銅拔絲法。他們是迄今為止考古史上發(fā)現(xiàn)的形體最大、構(gòu)造最復(fù)雜、制造最精美、駕系關(guān)系最完整的銅車馬被譽(yù)為我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)青銅器之冠我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。
我的講解就到這里結(jié)束了,希望我有限的講解內(nèi)給大家?guī)?lái)無(wú)限的收獲和快樂(lè)!
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板8
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)508個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)2分鐘,有122位用戶喜歡。
各位尊敬的游客:
你們好!歡迎大家來(lái)到世界文化遺產(chǎn)地-秦兵馬俑博物館,我叫何昱呈,很高興成為大家的導(dǎo)游!
秦兵馬俑博物館位于西安市東35公里處。法國(guó)前總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō):不看金字塔,不算到埃及;不看秦俑,不算到中國(guó)。從這些高度凝結(jié)的話語(yǔ)中,我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。 兵馬俑的規(guī)模宏大。目前已發(fā)掘了三個(gè)俑坑,總面積近20000平方米,差不多有平時(shí)的50個(gè)籃球場(chǎng)那么大,坑內(nèi)有兵馬俑8000個(gè)左右。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到的地方是一號(hào)坑,也是三個(gè)坑中最大的一個(gè)俑坑,東西長(zhǎng)230米,南北寬62米,總面積14260平方米,你看都了占三個(gè)俑坑總面積一半還多呢!既然面積那么大,那么數(shù)量也非常多,有6000多個(gè)。
你們請(qǐng)看,那身材魁梧,頭戴曷冠,身披鎧甲,手握寶劍,昂首挺胸的就是將軍俑。看他那神態(tài)自若的表情就知道是久經(jīng)沙場(chǎng),重任在肩。
再看那些武士俑,平均身高1.8米,體形勻稱。他們身穿戰(zhàn)袍,披掛鎧甲,腳登前端向上翹起的戰(zhàn)靴,手持兵器,整裝待發(fā)。 瞧,騎兵俑上身著短甲,下身穿著緊口褲足登長(zhǎng)靴右手執(zhí)韁繩,左手持弓箭,好像隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備上馬沖殺。
游客們,我就介紹到這里了,現(xiàn)在給一個(gè)小時(shí)的自由時(shí)間讓大家慢慢觀賞。大家在游玩的時(shí)候請(qǐng)愛(ài)護(hù)文物,不要亂丟垃圾。謝謝大家的合作,祝大家玩的愉快!
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板9
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)4560個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)12分鐘,有172位用戶喜歡。
以下是__為大家整理的陜西秦始皇兵馬俑博物館導(dǎo)游詞范文!!!
尊敬的女士們、先生們:
今天,我們將參觀秦兵馬俑博物館。秦兵馬俑博物館位于酉安市東35公里處,從喜來(lái)登酒店坐車到那里大約需要50分鐘時(shí)間。自秦兵馬俑博物館于1979年10月1日開(kāi)館至今,已有為效眾多國(guó)家的黨政首腦都參觀過(guò)這個(gè)博物館,更有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的中外游客不遠(yuǎn)干里來(lái)參觀這個(gè)人類奇跡。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō)過(guò):“世界上原有七大奇跡,秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn),可以說(shuō)是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔.不算真正到過(guò)埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)。”美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)蒙代爾也說(shuō);“這是真正的奇跡。全世界人民都應(yīng)該到這里看一看。”從這些高度凝練的話語(yǔ)中,我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。下面,我想把秦始皇這位成就一代偉業(yè)的歷史巨人介紹給諸位,以便使大家能對(duì)秦始皇兵馬俑和與之相關(guān)的歷史有一個(gè)較詳盡的了解。
談秦兵馬俑,必須先介紹一下面贏政。公元前259年,一代偉人贏政誕生了。13歲時(shí),其父死后.他繼承了王位。按照泰國(guó)慣例.國(guó)王在22歲舉行過(guò)“加冕禮”以后,才可以親自執(zhí)政。當(dāng)時(shí).秦國(guó)的大權(quán)仍攀握在太后、相國(guó)呂不韋、宦官謬癟(1606i)手中。特別是螺貞.手握大權(quán),炙手可熱,他見(jiàn)宛改逐漸長(zhǎng)大,便陰謀叛亂.奪取政權(quán)。公元前238年,22歲的贏政去故都雍城納新年宮舉行加冕禮。謬酉在從霸年宮回咸陽(yáng)的路上埋下伏兵,準(zhǔn)備將贏政殺死。當(dāng)贏政察覺(jué)此事后,憑優(yōu)勢(shì)兵力訂敗鑼盔,將其生擒并車裂致死。贏政親致以后.以呂不韋放縱嫁亮為名,放逐日不韋。呂不韋后來(lái)飲毒灑自斃。這樣,贏政順利地消滅了政權(quán)內(nèi)部的兩大敵對(duì)勢(shì)力,鞏固了自身的地位。
為了進(jìn)一步鞏固君主權(quán)力,贏政選用了一批精明強(qiáng)干酌文臣武將,如掌握軍事的尉繚,攀管國(guó)歐的李斯。接著,贏政制定了遠(yuǎn)交近攻、離間外敵、各個(gè)擊破的戰(zhàn)賂方針,開(kāi)始統(tǒng)一中國(guó),結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500多年各諸侯國(guó)割據(jù)稱雄的混亂局面。從公元前230年到公元前221年,在不到io年的時(shí)間里,泰國(guó)滅亡了6國(guó),終于完成了統(tǒng)一大業(yè),建立了第一個(gè)中央集權(quán)的封建國(guó)家,為封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化的迅速發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這又一次顯示了贏政的維才大賂。
贏政稱自己為始皇帝.因?yàn)樗M淖訉O后代能把他所創(chuàng)立的政權(quán)干代萬(wàn)代傳下去。為此.他整頓了官僚制度。第一.從中央到地方的官吏全由他親自任免;第二,廢除分封制,推行郡縣制。第三.秦始皇還統(tǒng)一了法律、文字、貨幣、度量衡等。這些措施極大地推動(dòng)了封建社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展。另外,他還征用勞役,廣修馳道,使各地交通便利,以利經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的交流。他將戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期秦、趙、燕三國(guó)修筑的長(zhǎng)城連在一起后.又加以擴(kuò)展,形成了西起甘肅臨挑,東到遼東因石的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城,有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族對(duì)案朝的騷擾。
中國(guó)皇帝大都為自己營(yíng)造巨大而豪華的陵墓。在這一點(diǎn)上,案始皇也不例外。在他13歲剛即位時(shí),就下令為其修建陵墓。這座原高120米.周長(zhǎng)__多米的巨大陵丘、雖經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕和人為破壞,現(xiàn)在仍有76米之高,g長(zhǎng)400多米之大.案始皇把都城威陽(yáng)微縮于自己的陵園內(nèi),其布局幾乎完全相同。陵園內(nèi)城西北部為獻(xiàn)殿建筑區(qū),陵?yáng)|北部洼地是用以祭記的養(yǎng)魚(yú)池,陵園外城西北角是石料加工場(chǎng).陵西外城之外是一個(gè)大墳場(chǎng)。據(jù)史書(shū)記載,秦朝全國(guó)總?cè)丝诩s__萬(wàn),壯丁不過(guò)700萬(wàn),而筑陵時(shí),壯丁最多達(dá)70萬(wàn),可見(jiàn)工程之浩大。
案始皇的陵寢如同一座龐大的地下宮殿,真可謂是一座地下“福地天堂”。墓室屋頂有天文星宿圖,t是由各種均餡生輝的珠寶構(gòu)成的,下邊有五岳、九州以及由機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)水銀構(gòu)成的江河湖海。另外,還沒(méi)有讓百官朝拜案始皇的大廳。為防止盜威,每座墓門(mén)上都安有自動(dòng)發(fā)射的弓箭。整個(gè)陵墓可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)金碧輝煌,固若金湯的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一個(gè)世界繼續(xù)享用。他連那些為他伴駕b不曾生育的宮女,以及辛勤修建地下陵寢的工匠們都不放過(guò).下令在他人殆時(shí),將這些人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)活埋,為的是不讓宮女外嫁他人,不讓陵寢內(nèi)的秘密泄露。
現(xiàn)在,我們面對(duì)的是秦俑館一號(hào)坑,坑里就是號(hào)稱“世界第八大奇跡”的秦兵馬俑。面對(duì)威武整肅的龐大軍陣,你們的腦子里一定會(huì)閃現(xiàn)如下問(wèn)題:這些秦傭是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的?為什么他們的相貌各異?為什么要制作這些俑?1、2、3號(hào)坑里共有多少俑等等。好,現(xiàn)在我就一一回答大家的這些問(wèn)題。
這些俑是1974年3月西楊村農(nóng)民們?cè)诖蚓倪^(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。據(jù)村里的老人講.早在明朝,就有人在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了秦俑。有一天,住在村里的難民在村外空地上訂了一口井,井水清澈,甚是喜人,可是第二天他們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)井底的水不見(jiàn)了。他們中膽大的腰系繩子,下去查看。不一會(huì)兒.井里傳來(lái)驚叫聲,上面的人暖緊把井里的人拉上來(lái)。這人說(shuō),他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)站立著的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。聽(tīng)者都非常害怕,想趕快用土回填那口井。但他們最終決定報(bào)告文物部門(mén)。
經(jīng)過(guò)考古專家們的勘探、鑒定.秦捅館內(nèi)的t、2、3號(hào)坑被確認(rèn)為案始皇棱的陪葬坑。從1974年到1979年,經(jīng)過(guò)5年的艱苦努力,在1號(hào)坑遺址上矗立起一座氣勢(shì)宏偉、結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)的建筑物。這就是1979年10月對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外游客開(kāi)放的素兵馬俑1號(hào)坑。3號(hào)坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日對(duì)外開(kāi)放。現(xiàn)在,在2號(hào)坑的遺址上,一座大理石建筑又落成了,它于1994年11月開(kāi)始接待游客。從此,3個(gè)俑坑全都被保護(hù)在建筑物里,不再經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋。在供游人觀看、懷古的同時(shí),考古工作者們還在這里繼續(xù)發(fā)掘整理兵馬俑。
經(jīng)測(cè)量,1號(hào)坑?xùn)|西長(zhǎng)330米,南北寬62米,面積4260平方米。侗坑的最東端是3gf面向東的武士,每排7個(gè),共210個(gè)捅。他們是部隊(duì)的前鋒。前鋒部隊(duì)的后面為部隊(duì)的主體,他們被誹成38路縱隊(duì),站在11個(gè)坑道里。每個(gè)坑道都是青磚鋪地,坑道內(nèi)例的兩邊,每隔2米就有1根立柱。這些立柱支撐著木質(zhì)屋頂,屋頂上是織成“人”字形的紋席.席上是土。整個(gè)坑道距地表5米深。另外,在坑道的南、北、西三面?zhèn)溆幸涣忻嫦蛲獾奈涫?他們分別是部隊(duì)的右翼、左翼和后衛(wèi)?,F(xiàn)在,1號(hào)坑已出土1000多件陶桶。根據(jù)推剿.全部發(fā)掘完后.僅1號(hào)坑就將出土6000多個(gè)兵馬桶。
這里是1994年11月開(kāi)放的2號(hào)坑。它是由車兵、騎兵和步兵構(gòu)成的曲尺形方陣。估計(jì)可出土兵侗1000多件,車馬和鞍馬500多匹。2號(hào)坑占地6000平方米。它東面突出部分為一個(gè)小方陣,6334個(gè)彎兵桶組成。2號(hào)坑南部為64乘戰(zhàn)車組成納方陣,每排有8輛戰(zhàn)車,共8誹;中部為19輛戰(zhàn)車和隨車徒手兵涌;北部是戰(zhàn)車和騎兵。北部是由戰(zhàn)車6乘、鞍馬和騎兵各124件組成的騎兵陣。
現(xiàn)在,我們來(lái)到了3號(hào)坑,它位于2號(hào)坑西邊25米處。這個(gè)坑是1976年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。它里凹字形,占地520平方米。在3號(hào)坑里,考古專家們只發(fā)現(xiàn)1輛戰(zhàn)車和64件武士捅。它們兩兩相對(duì)站立,手捏儀衛(wèi)兵器曼(sh6)。大多數(shù)考古專家認(rèn)為,從這個(gè)坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器,以及該坑與秦陵的位置來(lái)判斷,3號(hào)坑是整個(gè)軍陣的指揮部。據(jù)估計(jì),等1、2、3導(dǎo)坑全部開(kāi)損后,將出土8000多件陶佰。這些佰相貌各異:有的沉穩(wěn)剛毅,有的英勇果敢,有的慈善含笑。可謂楊楊如生,神情各異。因?yàn)椋鼈內(nèi)歉鶕?jù)秦始皇徹林軍中的將士們制作的,因此,在8000“地下御林軍”中,彌絕對(duì)找不到兩個(gè)相貌、形體相同的捅。他們一個(gè)個(gè)氣廢不凡,最重的有300多公斤,員輕的也有100多公斤,身高從1.7米到1.9米不等。如果大家仔細(xì)觀瞧,不難分辨出兵桶中履些是陜酉人,娜些是四川人,哪些是甘肅東部人。這從他們的胡須梳理方式和長(zhǎng)相即可看出。我們很多人在電影中都見(jiàn)過(guò)日本人的“仁丹須”.其實(shí),案便中就有蓄仁丹胡酌,可見(jiàn),這并不是日本人的發(fā)明,早在__多年前,中國(guó)就有人留這種胡須了。
那些穿窄袖戰(zhàn)袍外套,披掛齊腰短甲,腳登緊帶獸皮鞋,頭戴防風(fēng)婦的,顯然是機(jī)警的騎兵。那個(gè)左腳著地,s膝弓起,右腿脆地,有腳底向后翹起的為跪射佰。
他雙目乎視前方,神情專注。這個(gè)涌鞋底的針角,兩頭細(xì)致續(xù)密.中間疏稀.完全符合歷支真實(shí)。在五六十年代的陜西農(nóng)村,很多農(nóng)民仍喜歡穿這種掛、只是鞋尖不向上朗翹而已。幾乎每個(gè)捅的衣襟上都刻有工匠的姓名,這符合“物勒工名,以考其誠(chéng)”的制度。我們今天實(shí)行的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理制度,秦人__年前就已采用了。
涌坑中約馬屑典型的河西走廊馬。它身高l5米,長(zhǎng)2米,分為頭、頸、軀干和腿四部分。腿為實(shí)心,軀干中空,分段燒制,再組合在一起。馬的兩耳宜立,體型健壯優(yōu)美。由此可看出,秦人不愧為養(yǎng)馬世族。大家也許要問(wèn)秦始皇為什么要為他制作數(shù)量如此之多的兵馬桶呢?它們是怎樣燒制成的呢?原來(lái),秦始皇曾想用4000童男童女為其殉葬。他降旨令李斯承辦此事。李斯心中懼怕.未敢馬上執(zhí)行此令。因?yàn)椋?造秦腔.建筑長(zhǎng)城已惹得民怨沸騰,再讓如此眾多的童男室女殉葬,豈不是火上澆油嗎?他將來(lái)恐怕也死無(wú)葬身之地。于是,李斯向美始皇建議;制作與其人真馬一樣大小的兵馬桶,守護(hù)其亡靈,以壯聲威。聞聽(tīng)此官,秦始皇大喜,他重新降旨,讓李斯征集全國(guó)的能工巧匠.以他的8060御林軍為原型.q作陶佰。這些桶必須手握實(shí)戰(zhàn)兵器按實(shí)戰(zhàn)隊(duì)形排列,秦始皇再三囑咐李斯,此事萬(wàn)不能叫御林軍知道。因?yàn)榍爻耖g流傳一個(gè)說(shuō)法,如果一個(gè)人被別人復(fù)制成柄.其魂也就被勾走了.這可是大忌。案始皇當(dāng)然不愿惹怒他喜愛(ài)的曰林軍了。工匠們紛紛去找詢林軍中自己的親戚、朋友、老鄉(xiāng)、熟人,仔細(xì)觀察其容貌特征,并默記于心?;厝ズ?,工匠們用模壓、塑捏、刻畫(huà)、貼條等手法制成陶佰,然后放在窯里燒??墒牵胚M(jìn)去的陶佰全都被燒炸了,工匠們百思不解其中原因。后來(lái),一個(gè)工匠為發(fā)泄對(duì)監(jiān)工的仇恨,把制好的監(jiān)工陶涌的頭去掉,將其四肢“削”去,用手“掏凈”其內(nèi)臟,放到窯里分段燒。這一次竟沒(méi)炸窯。他把頭和四肢裝在佰身上,一個(gè)活生生的監(jiān)工出現(xiàn)了。,由此,工匠們開(kāi)始了大規(guī)模的制捅工程。8000御林軍捅就這樣被造了出來(lái)。
當(dāng)然,案兵馬桶是借龐大的軍隊(duì),來(lái)顯示秦始皇滅六國(guó)、建立統(tǒng)一帝目的雄心壯志酌。這些兵涌手執(zhí)短兵器、長(zhǎng)兵器和遠(yuǎn)射兵器,如劍、銥、吳鉤、矛t戈、曼、裁、鉸、弓、彎等。這些兵器主要是用銅和錫做成的,經(jīng)分析里邊還含有其它13種稀有金屬。為防止兵器生銹,案人在兵器表面徐有一層鉻鹽氧化物,這種鍍鉻技術(shù)在本世紀(jì)20年代才由檀國(guó)人發(fā)明出來(lái),而我國(guó)在__多年前就開(kāi)始在兵器上鍍鉻,這實(shí)在令人嘆跟?,F(xiàn)已出土的彎?rùn)C(jī),分小、中、大三種類型。前兩種舀機(jī),案兵用手拉弓弦就可以,而大型彎?rùn)C(jī),榮兵必須借助杠桿.才能將弓弦拉到扳機(jī)上。大型露機(jī)的射程為600多米,可比得上一支老式步槍了。
這是1980年在案陵西邊18米處發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩乘青銅車馬。一號(hào)車馬為駟馬高車,二號(hào)車馬為騾馬安車。韌發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí),這兩乘車馬破損嚴(yán)重,尤其是供秦始皇靈魂乘坐的安車,已破碎成1500多片.經(jīng)考古工作者修復(fù)后,現(xiàn)在,它們看上去完好如韌。兩乘車的車、馬、人都是仿照真車、真馬、真人,按比例縮小二分之一制成的,僅安車上金銀飾物就有1720件,重達(dá)7公斤。鋼車馬給人的不僅是藝術(shù)享受,更為重要的是.它們具有重要的歷史價(jià)值和科學(xué)價(jià)值。銅車馬是我們了解、研究秦朝車制、冶金鑄造技術(shù)、工藝水平等不可多得的實(shí)物資科。雖然.英雄一世,創(chuàng)立無(wú)數(shù)偉績(jī)的秦始皇——贏政早已去世__多年了,但是,他的偉績(jī),以及現(xiàn)存的兵馬桶留給人們的思考是什么呢?或者說(shuō),我們能從上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想,敢創(chuàng)歷史先河、為國(guó)家統(tǒng)一不懼死亡的鋁賂和勇氣是我們應(yīng)該吸取和仿效的。一代偉人贏政橫掃六國(guó)、統(tǒng)一中國(guó)的非凡氣度和魄力仍不失為我們今天克服前進(jìn)路上的障礙的巨大動(dòng)力。一個(gè)民族.一個(gè)國(guó)家想要富強(qiáng),沒(méi)有這種氣魄是不行的!
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板10
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)4658個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)12分鐘,有124位用戶喜歡。
尊敬的女士們、先生們:
今天,我們將參觀秦兵馬俑博物館。秦兵馬俑博物館位于酉安市東35公里處,從喜來(lái)登酒店坐車到那里大約需要50分鐘時(shí)間。自秦兵馬俑博物館于1979年10月1日開(kāi)館至今,已有為效眾多國(guó)家的黨政首腦都參觀過(guò)這個(gè)博物館,更有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的中外游客不遠(yuǎn)干里來(lái)參觀這個(gè)人類奇跡。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō)過(guò):我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)世界上原有七大奇跡,秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn),可以說(shuō)是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔.不算真正到過(guò)埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)。我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)蒙代爾也說(shuō);我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)這是真正的奇跡。全世界人民都應(yīng)該到這里看一看。我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)從這些高度凝練的話語(yǔ)中,我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。下面,我想把秦始皇這位成就一代偉業(yè)的歷史巨人介紹給諸位,以便使大家能對(duì)秦始皇兵馬俑和與之相關(guān)的歷史有一個(gè)較詳盡的了解。
談秦兵馬俑,必須先介紹一下面贏政。公元前259年,一代偉人贏政誕生了。13歲時(shí),其父死后.他繼承了王位。按照泰國(guó)慣例.國(guó)王在22歲舉行過(guò)我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)加冕禮我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)以后,才可以親自執(zhí)政。當(dāng)時(shí).秦國(guó)的大權(quán)仍攀握在太后、相國(guó)呂不韋、宦官謬癟(160 6i)手中。特別是螺貞.手握大權(quán),炙手可熱,他見(jiàn)宛改逐漸長(zhǎng)大,便陰謀叛亂.奪取政權(quán)。公元前238年,22歲的贏政去故都雍城納新年宮舉行加冕禮。謬酉在從霸年宮回咸陽(yáng)的路上埋下伏兵,準(zhǔn)備將贏政殺死。當(dāng)贏政察覺(jué)此事后,憑優(yōu)勢(shì)兵力訂敗鑼盔,將其生擒并車裂致死。贏政親致以后.以呂不韋放縱嫁亮為名,放逐日不韋。呂不韋后來(lái)飲毒灑自斃。這樣,贏政順利地消滅了政權(quán)內(nèi)部的兩大敵對(duì)勢(shì)力,鞏固了自身的地位。
為了進(jìn)一步鞏固君主權(quán)力,贏政選用了一批精明強(qiáng)干酌文臣武將,如掌握軍事的尉繚,攀管國(guó)歐的李斯。接著,贏政制定了遠(yuǎn)交近攻、離間外敵、各個(gè)擊破的戰(zhàn)賂方針,開(kāi)始統(tǒng)一中國(guó),結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500多年各諸侯國(guó)割據(jù)稱雄的混亂局面。從公元前230年到公元前221年,在不到io年的時(shí)間里,泰國(guó)滅亡了6國(guó),終于完成了統(tǒng)一大業(yè),建立了第一個(gè)中央集權(quán)的封建國(guó)家,為封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化的迅速發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這又一次顯示了贏政的維才大賂。
贏政稱自己為始皇帝.因?yàn)樗M淖訉O后代能把他所創(chuàng)立的政權(quán)干代萬(wàn)代傳下去。為此.他整頓了官僚制度。第一.從中央到地方的官吏全由他親自任免;第二,廢除分封制,推行郡縣制。第三.秦始皇還統(tǒng)一了法律、文字、貨幣、度量衡等。這些措施極大地推動(dòng)了封建社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展。另外,他還征用勞役,廣修馳道,使各地交通便利,以利經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的交流。他將戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期秦、趙、燕三國(guó)修筑的長(zhǎng)城連在一起后.又加以擴(kuò)展,形成了西起甘肅臨挑,東到遼東因石的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城,有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族對(duì)案朝的騷擾。
中國(guó)皇帝大都為自己營(yíng)造巨大而豪華的陵墓。在這一點(diǎn)上,案始皇也不例外。在他13歲剛即位時(shí),就下令為其修建陵墓。這座原高120米.周長(zhǎng)2000多米的巨大陵丘、雖經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕和人為破壞,現(xiàn)在仍有76米之高,g長(zhǎng)400多米之大.案始皇把都城威陽(yáng)微縮于自己的陵園內(nèi),其布局幾乎完全相同。陵園內(nèi)城西北部為獻(xiàn)殿建筑區(qū),陵?yáng)|北部洼地是用以祭記的養(yǎng)魚(yú)池,陵園外城西北角是石料加工場(chǎng).陵西外城之外是一個(gè)大墳場(chǎng)。據(jù)史書(shū)記載,秦朝全國(guó)總?cè)丝诩s2000萬(wàn),壯丁不過(guò)700萬(wàn),而筑陵時(shí),壯丁最多達(dá)70萬(wàn),可見(jiàn)工程之浩大。
案始皇的陵寢如同一座龐大的地下宮殿,真可謂是一座地下我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)福地天堂我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。墓室屋頂有天文星宿圖,t是由各種均餡生輝的珠寶構(gòu)成的,下邊有五岳、九州以及由機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)水銀構(gòu)成的江河湖海。另外,還沒(méi)有讓百官朝拜案始皇的大廳。為防止盜威,每座墓門(mén)上都安有自動(dòng)發(fā)射的弓箭。整個(gè)陵墓可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)金碧輝煌,固若金湯的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一個(gè)世界繼續(xù)享用。他連那些為他伴駕b不曾生育的宮女,以及辛勤修建地下陵寢的工匠們都不放過(guò).下令在他人殆時(shí),將這些人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)活埋,為的是不讓宮女外嫁他人,不讓陵寢內(nèi)的秘密泄露。
現(xiàn)在,我們面對(duì)的是秦俑館一號(hào)坑,坑里就是號(hào)稱我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)世界第八大奇跡我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的秦兵馬俑。面對(duì)威武整肅的龐大軍陣,你們的腦子里一定會(huì)閃現(xiàn)如下問(wèn)題:這些秦傭是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的?為什么他們的相貌各異?為什么要制作這些俑?
1、
2、3號(hào)坑里共有多少俑等等。好,現(xiàn)在我就一一回答大家的這些問(wèn)題。
這些俑是1974年3月西楊村農(nóng)民們?cè)诖蚓倪^(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。據(jù)村里的老人講.早在明朝,就有人在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了秦俑。有一天,住在村里的難民在村外空地上訂了一口井,井水清澈,甚是喜人,可是第二天他們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)井底的水不見(jiàn)了。他們中膽大的腰系繩子,下去查看。不一會(huì)兒.井里傳來(lái)驚叫聲,上面的人暖緊把井里的人拉上來(lái)。這人說(shuō),他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)站立著的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。聽(tīng)者都非常害怕,想趕快用土回填那口井。但他們最終決定報(bào)告文物部門(mén)。
~小三峽導(dǎo)游詞 ·陜西大雁塔 ·黃帝陵導(dǎo)游詞 ·司馬遷墓導(dǎo)游詞
經(jīng)過(guò)考古專家們的勘探、鑒定.秦捅館內(nèi)的t、
2、3號(hào)坑被確認(rèn)為案始皇棱的陪葬坑。從1974年到1979年,經(jīng)過(guò)5年的艱苦努力,在1號(hào)坑遺址上矗立起一座氣勢(shì)宏偉、結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)的建筑物。這就是1979年10月對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外游客開(kāi)放的素兵馬俑1號(hào)坑。3號(hào)坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日對(duì)外開(kāi)放?,F(xiàn)在,在2號(hào)坑的遺址上,一座大理石建筑又落成了,它于1994年11月開(kāi)始接待游客。從此,3個(gè)俑坑全都被保護(hù)在建筑物里,不再經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋。在供游人觀看、懷古的同時(shí),考古工作者們還在這里繼續(xù)發(fā)掘整理兵馬俑。
經(jīng)測(cè)量,1號(hào)坑?xùn)|西長(zhǎng)330米,南北寬62米,面積4260平方米。侗坑的最東端是3gf面向東的武士,每排7個(gè),共210個(gè)捅。他們是部隊(duì)的前鋒。前鋒部隊(duì)的后面為部隊(duì)的主體,他們被誹成38路縱隊(duì),站在11個(gè)坑道里。每個(gè)坑道都是青磚鋪地,坑道內(nèi)例的兩邊,每隔2米就有1根立柱。這些立柱支撐著木質(zhì)屋頂,屋頂上是織成我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)人我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)字形的紋席.席上是土。整個(gè)坑道距地表5米深。另外,在坑道的南、北、西三面?zhèn)溆幸涣忻嫦蛲獾奈涫浚麄兎謩e是部隊(duì)的右翼、左翼和后衛(wèi)?,F(xiàn)在,1號(hào)坑已出土1000多件陶桶。根據(jù)推剿.全部發(fā)掘完后.僅1號(hào)坑就將出土6000多個(gè)兵馬桶。
這里是1994年11月開(kāi)放的2號(hào)坑。它是由車兵、騎兵和步兵構(gòu)成的曲尺形方陣。估計(jì)可出土兵侗1000多件,車馬和鞍馬500多匹。2號(hào)坑占地6000平方米。它東面突出部分為一個(gè)小方陣,6334個(gè)彎兵桶組成。2號(hào)坑南部為64乘戰(zhàn)車組成納方陣,每排有8輛戰(zhàn)車,共8誹;中部為19輛戰(zhàn)車和隨車徒手兵涌;北部是戰(zhàn)車和騎兵。北部是由戰(zhàn)車6乘、鞍馬和騎兵各124件組成的騎兵陣。
現(xiàn)在,我們來(lái)到了3號(hào)坑,它位于2號(hào)坑西邊25米處。這個(gè)坑是1976年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。它里凹字形,占地520平方米。在3號(hào)坑里,考古專家們只發(fā)現(xiàn)1輛戰(zhàn)車和64件武士捅。它們兩兩相對(duì)站立,手捏儀衛(wèi)兵器曼(sh
6)。大多數(shù)考古專家認(rèn)為,從這個(gè)坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器,以及該坑與秦陵的位置來(lái)判斷,3號(hào)坑是整個(gè)軍陣的指揮部。據(jù)估計(jì),等
1、
2、3導(dǎo)坑全部開(kāi)損后,將出土8000多件陶佰。這些佰相貌各異:有的沉穩(wěn)剛毅,有的英勇果敢,有的慈善含笑。可謂楊楊如生,神情各異。因?yàn)椋鼈內(nèi)歉鶕?jù)秦始皇徹林軍中的將士們制作的,因此,在8000我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地下御林軍我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)中,彌絕對(duì)找不到兩個(gè)相貌、形體相同的捅。他們一個(gè)個(gè)氣廢不凡,最重的有300多公斤,員輕的也有100多公斤,身高從1.7米到1.9米不等。如果大家仔細(xì)觀瞧,不難分辨出兵桶中履些是陜酉人,娜些是四川人,哪些是甘肅東部人。這從他們的胡須梳理方式和長(zhǎng)相即可看出。我們很多人在電影中都見(jiàn)過(guò)日本人的我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)仁丹須我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn).其實(shí),案便中就有蓄仁丹胡酌,可見(jiàn),這并不是日本人的發(fā)明,早在2000多年前,中國(guó)就有人留這種胡須了。
那些穿窄袖戰(zhàn)袍外套,披掛齊腰短甲,腳登緊帶獸皮鞋,頭戴防風(fēng)婦的,顯然是機(jī)警的騎兵。那個(gè)左腳著地,s膝弓起,右腿脆地,有腳底向后翹起的為跪射佰。
他雙目乎視前方,神情專注。這個(gè)涌鞋底的針角,兩頭細(xì)致續(xù)密.中間疏?。耆蠚v支真實(shí)。在五六十年代的陜西農(nóng)村,很多農(nóng)民仍喜歡穿這種掛、只是鞋尖不向上朗翹而已。幾乎每個(gè)捅的衣襟上都刻有工匠的姓名,這符合我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)物勒工名,以考其誠(chéng)我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的制度。我們今天實(shí)行的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理制度,秦人2000年前就已采用了。
涌坑中約馬屑典型的河西走廊馬。它身高l 5米,長(zhǎng)2米,分為頭、頸、軀干和腿四部分。腿為實(shí)心,軀干中空,分段燒制,再組合在一起。馬的兩耳宜立,體型健壯優(yōu)美。由此可看出,秦人不愧為養(yǎng)馬世族。大家也許要問(wèn)秦始皇為什么要為他制作數(shù)量如此之多的兵馬桶呢?它們是怎樣燒制成的呢?原來(lái),秦始皇曾想用4000童男童女為其殉葬。他降旨令李斯承辦此事。李斯心中懼怕.未敢馬上執(zhí)行此令。因?yàn)椋?造秦腔.建筑長(zhǎng)城已惹得民怨沸騰,再讓如此眾多的童男室女殉葬,豈不是火上澆油嗎?他將來(lái)恐怕也死無(wú)葬身之地。于是,李斯向美始皇建議;制作與其人真馬一樣大小的兵馬桶,守護(hù)其亡靈,以壯聲威。聞聽(tīng)此官,秦始皇大喜,他重新降旨,讓李斯征集全國(guó)的能工巧匠.以他的8060御林軍為原型.q作陶佰。這些桶必須手握實(shí)戰(zhàn)兵器按實(shí)戰(zhàn)隊(duì)形排列,秦始皇再三囑咐李斯,此事萬(wàn)不能叫御林軍知道。因?yàn)榍爻耖g流傳一個(gè)說(shuō)法,如果一個(gè)人被別人復(fù)制成柄.其魂也就被勾走了.這可是大忌。案始皇當(dāng)然不愿惹怒他喜愛(ài)的曰林軍了。工匠們紛紛去找詢林軍中自己的親戚、朋友、老鄉(xiāng)、熟人,仔細(xì)觀察其容貌特征,并默記于心。回去后,工匠們用模壓、塑捏、刻畫(huà)、貼條等手法制成陶佰,然后放在窯里燒??墒?,放進(jìn)去的陶佰全都被燒炸了,工匠們百思不解其中原因。后來(lái),一個(gè)工匠為發(fā)泄對(duì)監(jiān)工的仇恨,把制好的監(jiān)工陶涌的頭去掉,將其四肢我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)削我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)去,用手我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)掏凈我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)其內(nèi)臟,放到窯里分段燒。這一次竟沒(méi)炸窯。他把頭和四肢裝在佰身上,一個(gè)活生生的監(jiān)工出現(xiàn)了。,由此,工匠們開(kāi)始了大規(guī)模的制捅工程。8000御林軍捅就這樣被造了出來(lái)。
當(dāng)然,案兵馬桶是借龐大的軍隊(duì),來(lái)顯示秦始皇滅六國(guó)、建立統(tǒng)一帝目的雄心壯志酌。這些兵涌手執(zhí)短兵器、長(zhǎng)兵器和遠(yuǎn)射兵器,如劍、銥、吳鉤、矛t戈、曼、裁、鉸、弓、彎等。這些兵器主要是用銅和錫做成的,經(jīng)分析里邊還含有其它13種稀有金屬。為防止兵器生銹,案人在兵器表面徐有一層鉻鹽氧化物,這種鍍鉻技術(shù)在本世紀(jì)20年代才由檀國(guó)人發(fā)明出來(lái),而我國(guó)在2000多年前就開(kāi)始在兵器上鍍鉻,這實(shí)在令人嘆跟?,F(xiàn)已出土的彎?rùn)C(jī),分小、中、大三種類型。前兩種舀機(jī),案兵用手拉弓弦就可以,而大型彎?rùn)C(jī),榮兵必須借助杠桿.才能將弓弦拉到扳機(jī)上。大型露機(jī)的射程為600多米,可比得上一支老式_____了。
這是1980年在案陵西邊18米處發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩乘青銅車馬。一號(hào)車馬為駟馬高車,二號(hào)車馬為騾馬安車。韌發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí),這兩乘車馬破損嚴(yán)重,尤其是供秦始皇靈魂乘坐的安車,已破碎成1500多片.經(jīng)考古工作者修復(fù)后,現(xiàn)在,它們看上去完好如韌。兩乘車的車、馬、人都是仿照真車、真馬、真人,按比例縮小二分之一制成的,僅安車上金銀飾物就有1720件,重達(dá)7公斤。鋼車馬給人的不僅是藝術(shù)享受,更為重要的是.它們具有重要的歷史價(jià)值和科學(xué)價(jià)值。銅車馬是我們了解、研究秦朝車制、冶金鑄造技術(shù)、工藝水平等不可多得的實(shí)物資科。雖然.英雄一世,創(chuàng)立無(wú)數(shù)偉績(jī)的秦始皇——贏政早已去世2000多年了,但是,他的偉績(jī),以及現(xiàn)存的兵馬桶留給人們的思考是什么呢?或者說(shuō),我們能從上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想,敢創(chuàng)歷史先河、為國(guó)家統(tǒng)一不懼死亡的鋁賂和勇氣是我們應(yīng)該吸取和仿效的。一代偉人贏政橫掃六國(guó)、統(tǒng)一中國(guó)的非凡氣度和魄力仍不失為我們今天克服前進(jìn)路上的障礙的巨大動(dòng)力。一個(gè)民族.一個(gè)國(guó)家想要富強(qiáng),沒(méi)有這種氣魄是不行的!
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板11
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)268個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)1分鐘,有197位用戶喜歡。
游客們,告訴你們,兵馬俑不僅規(guī)模宏大,而且類型眾多,個(gè)性鮮明,讓我來(lái)介紹一下吧!
武士俑平均身高約1.8米,體格健壯,它們身上穿著威風(fēng)神氣的戰(zhàn)袍,披掛堅(jiān)硬的鎧甲,手拿著兵器,整裝待發(fā),你們說(shuō)威不威風(fēng)呀?
將軍俑更是威風(fēng)了!身材魁梧,頭戴褐冠、身披鎧甲,手握著鋒利的寶劍,昂著頭、挺著胸,一看就知道是久經(jīng)沙場(chǎng)的呀!其實(shí)兵馬俑類型很多,說(shuō)也說(shuō)不完。兵馬俑坑還是秦始皇林的陪葬坑,1974年,幾名考古學(xué)家在其東側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)兵馬俑坑,轟動(dòng)了中國(guó),震驚了世界,是二十世紀(jì)最偉大的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。
還有,最后提醒你們一句:不要亂扔瓜果皮、垃圾、塑料袋,這些污染環(huán)境的東西!
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板12
閱讀小貼士:本模板共計(jì)2628個(gè)字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)7分鐘,有197位用戶喜歡。
秦兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞
大家好!我是你們的導(dǎo)游,大家可以叫我小梁。今天由我負(fù)責(zé)向大家介紹我國(guó)陜西省西安市臨潼區(qū)東約5000米處的秦兵馬俑。它南依驪山,北依渭水,地勢(shì)險(xiǎn)峻,環(huán)境優(yōu)美,是秦始皇的陪葬坑。陪葬品眾多,是一座豐富的地下文物寶庫(kù)。接下來(lái),我們一起進(jìn)入館內(nèi)參觀。
歡迎大家來(lái)到秦兵馬俑館內(nèi)參觀。兵馬俑三個(gè)俑坑,最大的是一號(hào)坑。三個(gè)俑坑面積有20000平方米多,相當(dāng)于50個(gè)籃球場(chǎng)。坑內(nèi)兵馬俑近8000多個(gè),一行行,一列列,排成一個(gè)整齊的長(zhǎng)方形軍陣,真像秦始皇當(dāng)年統(tǒng)帥的一支南征北戰(zhàn),所向披靡的大軍。
大家猜這位頭戴著鶡冠,身披鎧甲,手持寶劍,挺著胸,威風(fēng)凜凜的俑是誰(shuí)?a武士俑b騎兵俑c將軍俑。你們猜出來(lái)了嗎?什么,猜不出來(lái)!我告訴答案吧,是c將軍俑。
哈哈,接下來(lái),我說(shuō)一下騎兵俑。他的頭戴圓形小帽,身著緊袖,下穿緊口被足蹬、長(zhǎng)筒馬靴,披掛短小的鎧甲,顯得簡(jiǎn)單而靈活。
武士俑平均身高1米8左右,一個(gè)個(gè)體格健壯,體型勻稱。身穿戰(zhàn)袍,披掛鎧甲,腳登前端向上翹起的戰(zhàn)靴,手持兵器,整裝待發(fā)。
好了,今天的游覽接近尾聲了,愿你們這次參觀秦兵馬俑的經(jīng)歷成為生活中一段美好的記憶。
秦兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞
尊敬的女士們、先生們:
今天,我們將參觀秦兵馬俑博物館,
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞。秦兵馬俑博物館位于酉安市東35公里處,從喜來(lái)登酒店坐車到那里大約需要50分鐘時(shí)間。自秦兵馬俑博物館于1979年10月1日開(kāi)館至今,已有為效眾多國(guó)家的黨政首腦都參觀過(guò)這個(gè)博物館,更有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的中外游客不遠(yuǎn)干里來(lái)參觀這個(gè)人類奇跡。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō)過(guò):“世界上原有七大奇跡,秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn),可以說(shuō)是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔.不算真正到過(guò)埃及‘不看秦俑,不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)。”美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)蒙代爾也說(shuō);“這是真正的奇跡。全世界人民都應(yīng)該到這里看一看。”從這些高度凝練的話語(yǔ)中,我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。下面,我想把秦始皇這位成就一代偉業(yè)的歷史巨人介紹給諸位,以便使大家能對(duì)秦始皇兵馬俑和與之相關(guān)的歷史有一個(gè)較詳盡的了解。
談秦兵馬俑,必須先介紹一下面贏政。公元前259年,一代偉人贏政誕生了。13歲時(shí),其父死后.他繼承了王位。按照泰國(guó)慣例.國(guó)王在22歲舉行過(guò)“加冕禮”以后,才可以親自執(zhí)政。當(dāng)時(shí).秦國(guó)的大權(quán)仍攀握在太后、相國(guó)呂不韋、宦官謬癟(160 6i)手中。特別是螺貞.手握大權(quán),炙手可熱,他見(jiàn)宛改逐漸長(zhǎng)大,便陰謀叛亂.奪取政權(quán)。公元前238年,22歲的贏政去故都雍城納新年宮舉行加冕禮。謬酉在從霸年宮回咸陽(yáng)的路上埋下伏兵,準(zhǔn)備將贏政殺死。當(dāng)贏政察覺(jué)此事后,憑優(yōu)勢(shì)兵力訂敗鑼盔,將其生擒并車裂致死。贏政親致以后.以呂不韋放縱嫁亮為名,放逐日不韋。呂不韋后來(lái)飲毒灑自斃。這樣,贏政順利地消滅了政權(quán)內(nèi)部的兩大敵對(duì)勢(shì)力,鞏固了自身的地位。
為了進(jìn)一步鞏固君主權(quán)力,贏政選用了一批精明強(qiáng)干酌文臣武將,如掌握軍事的尉繚,攀管國(guó)歐的李斯。接著,贏政制定了遠(yuǎn)交近攻、離間外敵、各個(gè)擊破的戰(zhàn)賂方針,開(kāi)始統(tǒng)一中國(guó),結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500多年各諸侯國(guó)割據(jù)稱雄的混亂局面。從公元前230年到公元前221年,在不到io年的時(shí)間里,泰國(guó)滅亡了6國(guó),終于完成了統(tǒng)一大業(yè),建立了第一個(gè)中央集權(quán)的封建國(guó)家,為封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化的迅速發(fā)展奠定了基矗這又一次顯示了贏政的維才大賂。
贏政稱自己為始皇帝.因?yàn)樗M淖訉O后代能把他所創(chuàng)立的政權(quán)干代萬(wàn)代傳下去。為此.他整頓了官僚制度。第一.從中央到地方的官吏全由他親自任免;第二,廢除分封制,推行郡縣制。第三.秦始皇還統(tǒng)一了法律、文字、貨幣、度量衡等。這些措施極大地推動(dòng)了封建社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展,
導(dǎo)游詞《秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞》(http://www.unjs.com)。另外,他還征用勞役,廣修馳道,使各地交通便利,以利經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的交流。他將戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期秦、趙、燕三國(guó)修筑的長(zhǎng)城連在一起后.又加以擴(kuò)展,形成了西起甘肅臨挑,東到遼東因石的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城,有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族對(duì)案朝的騷擾。
中國(guó)皇帝大都為自己營(yíng)造巨大而豪華的陵墓。在這一點(diǎn)上,案始皇也不例外。在他13歲剛即位時(shí),就下令為其修建陵墓。這座原高120米.周長(zhǎng)2000多米的巨大陵丘、雖經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕和人為破壞,現(xiàn)在仍有76米之高,g長(zhǎng)400多米之大.案始皇把都城威陽(yáng)微縮于自己的陵園內(nèi),其布局幾乎完全相同。陵園內(nèi)城西北部為獻(xiàn)殿建筑區(qū),陵?yáng)|北部洼地是用以祭記的養(yǎng)魚(yú)池,陵園外城西北角是石料加工場(chǎng).陵西外城之外是一個(gè)大墳常據(jù)史書(shū)記載,秦朝全國(guó)總?cè)丝诩s2000萬(wàn),壯丁不過(guò)700萬(wàn),而筑陵時(shí),壯丁最多達(dá)70萬(wàn),可見(jiàn)工程之浩大。
案始皇的陵寢如同一座龐大的地下宮殿,真可謂是一座地下“福地天堂”。墓室屋頂有天文星宿圖,t是由各種均餡生輝的珠寶構(gòu)成的,下邊有五岳、九州以及由機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)水銀構(gòu)成的江河湖海。另外,還沒(méi)有讓百官朝拜案始皇的大廳。為防止盜威,每座墓門(mén)上都安有自動(dòng)發(fā)射的弓箭。整個(gè)陵墓可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)金碧輝煌,固若金湯的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一個(gè)世界繼續(xù)享用。他連那些為他伴駕b不曾生育的宮女,以及辛勤修建地下陵寢的工匠們都不放過(guò).下令在他人殆時(shí),將這些人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)活埋,為的是不讓宮女外嫁他人,不讓陵寢內(nèi)的秘密泄露。
現(xiàn)在,我們面對(duì)的是秦俑館一號(hào)坑,坑里就是號(hào)稱“世界第八大奇跡”的秦兵馬俑。面對(duì)威武整肅的龐大軍陣,你們的腦子里一定會(huì)閃現(xiàn)如下問(wèn)題:這些秦傭是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的?為什么他們的相貌各異?為什么要制作這些俑?1、2、3號(hào)坑里共有多少俑等等。好,現(xiàn)在我就一一回答大家的這些問(wèn)題。
這些俑是1974年3月西楊村農(nóng)民們?cè)诖蚓倪^(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。據(jù)村里的老人講.早在明朝,就有人在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了秦俑。有一天,住在村里的難民在村外空地上訂了一口井,井水清澈,甚是喜人,可是第二天他們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)井底的水不見(jiàn)了。他們中膽大的腰系繩子,下去查看。不一會(huì)兒.井里傳來(lái)驚叫聲,上面的人暖緊把井里的人拉上來(lái)。這人說(shuō),他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)站立著的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。聽(tīng)者都非常害怕,想趕快用土回填那口井。但他們最終決定報(bào)告文物部門(mén)。
經(jīng)過(guò)考古專家們的勘探、鑒定.秦捅館內(nèi)的t、2、3號(hào)坑被確認(rèn)為案始皇棱的陪葬坑。從1974年到1979年,經(jīng)過(guò)5年的艱苦努力,在1號(hào)坑遺址上矗立起一座氣勢(shì)宏偉、結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)的建筑物。這就是1979年10月對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外游客開(kāi)放的素兵馬俑1號(hào)坑。3號(hào)坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日對(duì)外開(kāi)放?,F(xiàn)在,在2號(hào)坑的遺址上,一座大理石建筑又落成了,它于1994年11月開(kāi)始接待游客。從此,3個(gè)俑坑全都被保護(hù)在建筑物里,不再經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋。在供游人觀看、懷古的同時(shí),考古工作者們還在這里繼續(xù)發(fā)掘整理兵馬俑。
秦始皇兵馬俑導(dǎo)游詞 模板13
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秦始皇兵馬俑陵寢建筑的導(dǎo)游詞
游客朋友們,有一處景觀沉睡地下千年,1974年被當(dāng)?shù)卮蚓霓r(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)。一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),就被驚呼為20世紀(jì)最偉大的考古發(fā)現(xiàn),被贊譽(yù)為世界第八大奇跡,他就是秦始皇陵兵馬俑坑。
秦始皇陵位于陜西臨潼縣,是中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)皇帝嬴政的陵墓。在陵墓四周分布著大量不同的陪葬坑和墓葬,兵馬俑坑就是其中的陪葬坑,位于秦陵陵園東側(cè)1500米處。目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)三座,呈品字形排列,并出土陶俑8000多件。這些陶俑以現(xiàn)實(shí)生活為題材塑造,栩栩如生。他們是秦國(guó)強(qiáng)大軍隊(duì)的真實(shí)寫(xiě)照,象征著拱衛(wèi)地下皇城的我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)御林軍我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。
那么秦始皇陵兵馬俑何以震驚世界呢?這些兵馬俑的出土不像埃及、希臘、出土的單個(gè)藝術(shù)精品,而是氣勢(shì)磅礴、規(guī)模巨大、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)整的藝術(shù)精品群體。陶俑體現(xiàn)出我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)大、多、精、美我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的我是可愛(ài)的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)特點(diǎn),再現(xiàn)了2000多年前中國(guó)雕塑藝術(shù)的輝煌成就,不僅在軍事史上有巨大的價(jià)值,而且在藝術(shù)史、科學(xué)史的研究上也有獨(dú)特的價(jià)值。無(wú)外乎世界遺產(chǎn)委員這樣評(píng)價(jià):是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義完美的杰作,保留了極高的歷史價(jià)值。