學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)演講稿 模板1
閱讀小貼士：模板1共計(jì)1084個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)3分鐘。朗讀需要6分鐘，中速朗讀8分鐘，在莊重嚴(yán)肅場(chǎng)合朗讀需要10分鐘，有181位用戶喜歡。
teachers and schoolmates:
everybody is good!
in our life will gradually grow up grow up we are going to face a test that is to learn to independent life to care about others cherish others. then you should let into the quality of the childhood.
but now the social life is not people imagination of so. take the child and family relationship now most people are only child in the home in the home have parents grandparents" care care to have friends in outside have not affected by a little grievance. if life in such a space like this does not have an independent life let alone to care for others. children live in such environment just learned let other people to care about his love him but he didn"t know to care for others to cherish others. this will gradually away from his friends and to. the habit of such children only know clothing to hand foot. then later can"t to face the competition of the society also can not to face the test of life if grow up at work encounter a little bit of difficulty will wince not brave to face it. grow up quarreled followed by others he also will only stand in his attitude to speak never stand in other"s perspective and attitude to consider the title. if standing in the perspective of others attitude to consider the topic words then can better to solve questions.
win will tell the story below when there are two old fo_ had his own little fo_ fo_ can care and feeding. and even for small fo_ get enrichment and delicious things at risk to rush the hunter set a trap but wait until fo_ grow up in order to make them form the ability of independent living two old fo_ are desperately chasing fo_ put it away from your own. that we humans can"t do it is parents wants to cast us out we want to independent life parents but the heart is too soft is not willing to let us go we have to stay in my parents" side. so according to become our country there are many children can"t independent to life is not to care about others to cherish others.
then we should start small do not want to depend on their parents if the parents are dead when i grow up we will depend on who is that? can only rely on our independent to life to face the test of life. is every child can be independent to live to care for others then why is in fact not so? by which family the parents too doting on their children what have not let the children do don"t let the children eat a little bitter so our country is not an independent life so that people can"t to see the topic from the perspective of others. so much to see today"s parents don"t spoil their children should be in real life to accompany raising their independence to life also let their children stand in others" attitude and point of view to consider the title. so that they can to competition after grow up to face the severe test. so much to see all of the parents don"t spoil their children also let go of your hand let their children to learn in life to independent living can stand in the other"s perspective and attitude to consider questions then later their children can be for his hometown for the society to create the good to come.
thank you all!
關(guān)于學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立英語(yǔ)演講稿
學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)演講稿 模板2
閱讀小貼士：模板2共計(jì)2486個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)7分鐘。朗讀需要13分鐘，中速朗讀17分鐘，在莊重嚴(yán)肅場(chǎng)合朗讀需要23分鐘，有207位用戶喜歡。
演說(shuō)題目：墜機(jī)讓我學(xué)會(huì)的3件事
演說(shuō)者：ric elias
imagine a big e_plosion as you climb through 3,000 ft. imagine a plane full of smoke. imagine an engine going clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack, clack. it sounds scary.
想像一個(gè)大爆炸，當(dāng)你在三千多英尺的高空;想像機(jī)艙內(nèi)布滿黑煙，想像引擎發(fā)出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的聲響，聽起來(lái)很可怕。
well i had a unique seat that day. i was sitting in 1d. i was the only one who can talk to the flight attendants. so i looked at them right away, and they said, "no problem. we probably hit some birds." the pilot had already turned the plane around, and we weren"t that far. you could see manhattan.
那天我的位置很特別，我坐在1d，我是唯一可以和空服員說(shuō)話的人，于是我立刻看著他們，他們說(shuō)，"沒問(wèn)題，我們可能撞上鳥了。" 機(jī)長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)把機(jī)頭轉(zhuǎn)向，我們離目的地很近，已經(jīng)可以看到曼哈頓了。
two minutes later, 3 things happened at the same time. the pilot lines up the plane with the hudson river. that"s usually not the route. he turns off the engines. now imagine being in a plane with no sound. and then he says 3 words-the most unemotional 3 words i"ve ever heard. he says, "brace for impact."
兩分鐘以后，三件事情同時(shí)發(fā)生：機(jī)長(zhǎng)把飛機(jī)對(duì)齊哈德遜河，一般的航道可不是這樣。他關(guān)上引擎。想像坐在一架沒有聲音的飛機(jī)上。然后他說(shuō)了幾個(gè)字，我聽過(guò)最不帶情緒的幾個(gè)字，他說(shuō)，"即將迫降，小心沖擊。"
i didn"t have to talk to the flight attendant anymore. i could see in her eyes, it was terror. life was over.
我不用再問(wèn)空服員什么了。我可以在她眼神里看到恐懼，人生結(jié)束了。
now i want to share with you 3 things i learned about myself that day.
現(xiàn)在我想和你們分享那天我所學(xué)到的三件事。
i leant that it all changes in an instant. we have this bucket list, we have these things we want to do in life, and i thought about all the people i wanted to reach out to that i didn"t, all the fences i wanted to mend, all the e_periences i wanted to have and i never did. as i thought about that later on, i came up with a saying, which is, "collect bad wines". because if the wine is ready and the person is there, i"m opening it. i no longer want to postpone anything in life. and that urgency, that purpose, has really changed my life.
在那一瞬間內(nèi)，一切都改變了。我們的人生目標(biāo)清單，那些我們想做的事，所有那些我想聯(lián)絡(luò)卻沒有聯(lián)絡(luò)的人，那些我想修補(bǔ)的圍墻，人際關(guān)系，所有我想經(jīng)歷卻沒有經(jīng)歷的事。之后我回想那些事，我想到一句話，那就是，"我收藏的酒都很差。" 因?yàn)槿绻埔殉墒?，分享?duì)象也有，我早就把把酒打開了。我不想再把生命中的任何事延后，這種緊迫感、目標(biāo)性改變了我的生命。
the second thing i learnt that day - and this is as we clear the george washington bridge, which was by not a lot - i thought about, wow, i really feel one real regret, i"ve lived a good life. in my own humanity and mistaked, i"ve tired to get better at everything i tried. but in my humanity, i also allow my ego to get in. and i regretted the time i wasted on things that did not matter with people that matter. and i thought about my relationship with my wife, my friends, with people. and after, as i reflected on that, i decided to eliminate negative energy from my life. it"s not perfect, but it"s a lot better. i"ve not had a fight with my wife in 2 years. it feels great. i no longer try to be right; i choose to be happy.
那天我學(xué)到的第二件事是，正當(dāng)我們通過(guò)喬治華盛頓大橋，那也沒過(guò)多久，我想，哇，我有一件真正后悔的事。雖然我有人性缺點(diǎn)，也犯了些錯(cuò)，但我生活得其實(shí)不錯(cuò)。我試著把每件事做得更好。但因?yàn)槿诵裕译y免有些自我中心，我后悔竟然花了許多時(shí)間，和生命中重要的人討論那些不重要的事。我想到我和妻子、朋友及人們的關(guān)系，之后，回想這件事時(shí)，我決定除掉我人生中的負(fù)面情緒。還沒完全做到，但確實(shí)好多了。過(guò)去兩年我從未和妻子吵架，感覺很好，我不再嘗試爭(zhēng)論對(duì)錯(cuò)，我選擇快樂。
the third thing i learned - and this"s as you mental clock starts going, "15, 14, 13." you can see the water coming. i"m saying, "please blow up." i don"t want this thing to break in 20 pieces like you"ve seen in those documentaries. and as we"re coming down, i had a sense of, wow, dying is not scary. it"s almost like we"ve been preparing for it our whole lives .but it was very sad. i didn"t want to go. i love my life. and that sadness really framed in one thought, which is, i only wish for one thing. i only wish i could see my kids grow up.
我所學(xué)到的第三件事是，當(dāng)你腦中的始終開始倒數(shù)"15，14，13"，看到水開始涌入，心想，"拜托爆炸吧!" 我不希望這東西碎成20片，就像紀(jì)錄片中看到的那樣。當(dāng)我們逐漸下沉，我突然感覺到，哇，死亡并不可怕，就像是我們一生一直在為此做準(zhǔn)備，但很令人悲傷。我不想就這樣離開，我熱愛我的生命。這個(gè)悲傷的主要來(lái)源是，我只期待一件事，我只希望能看到孩子長(zhǎng)大。
about a month later, i was at a perfmance by my daugter - first-grade, not much artistic talent... yet. and i "m balling, i"m crying, like a little kid. and it made all the sense in the world to me. i realized at that point by connecting those two dots, that the only thing that matters in my life is being a great dad. above all, above all, the only goal i have in life is to be a good dad.
一個(gè)月后，我參加女兒的表演，她一年級(jí)，沒什么藝術(shù)天份，就算如此。我淚流滿面，像個(gè)孩子，這讓我的世界重新有了意義。當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)我意識(shí)到，將這兩件事連接起來(lái)，其實(shí)我生命中唯一重要的事，就是成為一個(gè)好父親，比任何事都重要，比任何事都重要，我人生中唯一的目標(biāo)就是做個(gè)好父親。
i was given the gift of a miracle, of not dying that day. i was given another gift, which was to be able to see into the future and come back and live differently.
那天我經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)奇跡，我活下來(lái)了。我還得到另一個(gè)啟示，像是看見自己的未來(lái)再回來(lái)，改變自己的人生。
i challenge you guys that are flying today, imagine the same thing happens on your plane - and please don"t - but imagine, and how would you change? what would you get done that you"re waiting to get done because you think you"ll be here forever? how would you change your relationtships and the negative energy in them? and more than anything, are you being the best parent you can?thank you。
我鼓勵(lì)今天要坐飛機(jī)的各位，想像如果你坐的飛機(jī)出了同樣的事，最好不要-但想像一下，你會(huì)如何改變?有什么是你想做卻沒做的，因?yàn)槟阌X得你有其它機(jī)會(huì)做它?你會(huì)如何改變你的人際關(guān)系，不再如此負(fù)面?最重要的是，你是否盡力成為一個(gè)好父母?謝謝。
學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)演講稿 模板3
閱讀小貼士：模板3共計(jì)11218個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)29分鐘。朗讀需要57分鐘，中速朗讀75分鐘，在莊重嚴(yán)肅場(chǎng)合朗讀需要102分鐘，有196位用戶喜歡。
how to learn any language in si_ months
演講者：chris lonsdale
/ 中英對(duì)照演講稿 /
have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think?maybe even part of who you are as a person?
你是否曾經(jīng)把一個(gè)問(wèn)題留在心中很久，結(jié)果它已經(jīng)成為你的一種思路?甚至可能已經(jīng)成為你自己的一部分?
well i"ve had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. and if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn"t have to go to school at all.
有一個(gè)問(wèn)題我思考了很多很多年，就是：你怎樣才能加快自己學(xué)習(xí)的速度?這是一個(gè)很有趣的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槿绻憧梢约涌熳约旱膶W(xué)習(xí)速度，你就可以花更少時(shí)間在學(xué)校里。 如果你真的可以學(xué)習(xí)得特別快，你可能根本就不用去上學(xué)。
now, when i was young, school was sort of okay but i found quite often that school got in the way of learning so i had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? and this began when i was very, very young. when i was about eleven years old i wrote a letter to researchers in the soviet union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of the night when you"re sleeping, and you"re supposed to be learning from this.
我小時(shí)候上學(xué)還湊合，但我常常發(fā)現(xiàn)上學(xué)會(huì)阻礙學(xué)習(xí)，因此在我心里面有了這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：怎樣才能學(xué)得更快呢?(這個(gè)想法)在我很小時(shí)候已經(jīng)開始了，大約我11 歲時(shí)，我給前蘇聯(lián)的研究者寫了一封關(guān)于睡眠學(xué)習(xí)的信， 所謂"睡覺學(xué)習(xí)"，就是拿個(gè)磁帶錄音機(jī)放在你床邊， 等你入眠后機(jī)器開始播放磁帶，目的是通過(guò)這種方式來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。
a good idea, unfortunately it doesn"t work. but, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and we"ve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question.i went on from there to become passionate about psychology and i have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point.
這看似 一個(gè)好主意，不幸的是它行不通。但睡眠學(xué)習(xí)確實(shí)打開了研究其他領(lǐng)域的大門，并且我們從研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題開始已經(jīng)有了一些驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)。從那開始我對(duì)心理學(xué)充滿熱情，直到現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)投入了幾十年的時(shí)間從事心理學(xué)相關(guān)的不同研究和工作。
in 1981 i took myself to china and i decided that i was going to be native level in chinese inside two years.now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it.and i also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process.
1981年，我來(lái)到了中國(guó), 并且決定在兩年內(nèi)我的漢語(yǔ)要達(dá)到像中文母語(yǔ)者一樣的水平。你需要明白的是, 在 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代初，所有人都認(rèn)為漢語(yǔ)是真的很難學(xué)，一個(gè)西方人可能學(xué)習(xí)10 年或以上也未必能學(xué)好。還有，我?guī)е环N不同的想法，就是把心理學(xué)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題研究所得的全部結(jié)論運(yùn)用到我學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程當(dāng)中。
what was really cool was that in si_ months i was fluent in mandarin chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. but i looked around and i saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with chinese, i saw chinese people struggling terribly to learn english and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?
特別棒的是, 我在六個(gè)月內(nèi)能說(shuō)流利的中文，不久后，我達(dá)到了中文母語(yǔ)者的水平。但我看到周圍那些來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的人在為學(xué)習(xí)中文苦苦掙扎，中國(guó)人在為學(xué)習(xí)英文或其他語(yǔ)言苦苦掙扎，因此我的問(wèn)題便細(xì)化到：怎樣幫助一位正常的成年人更快、更容易和有效地學(xué)會(huì)第二門語(yǔ)言。
now this is a really, really important question in today"s world. we have massive challenges with environment. we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we can"t communicate we"re really going to have difficulty solving these problems.so we need to be able to speak each other"s languages. this is really, really important.
要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，在今天的世界里這是一個(gè)非常非常重要的問(wèn)題。我們需要面對(duì)大量的(有關(guān))環(huán)保問(wèn)題的挑戰(zhàn)，我們需要面對(duì)很多社會(huì)混亂和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的挑戰(zhàn)，各種各類事情在發(fā)生，如果我們不能溝通那我們將難以解決這些問(wèn)題。因此，我們需要能夠說(shuō)對(duì)方的語(yǔ)言。這真的非常重要。
the question then is how do you do that? well, it"s actually really easy. you look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where it"s already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. it"s called modeling and i"ve been looking at language learning and modeling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.
接下來(lái)的問(wèn)題是，怎樣做到?這實(shí)際上是很容易的?？纯茨阒車切┮呀?jīng)做到的人，尋找在什么情況下，它是有效的，識(shí)別這些原則后好好利用它們。這是一種高科技模仿，而我已經(jīng)用這種方法研究語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)大約15到20__年了。接著多年的觀察，我得到的結(jié)論是，任何一個(gè)成年人能在6個(gè)月內(nèi)把任何外語(yǔ)學(xué)得流利。
and my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside si_ months.now when i say this, most people think i"m crazy, this is not possible. so let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, it"s all about e_panding our limits.
吶，當(dāng)我說(shuō)成年人能在6個(gè)月內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)任何一種外語(yǔ)，大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為我瘋了，這是不可能的。因此，先讓我提醒在座各位關(guān)于人類歷史的進(jìn)展，所有人類歷史都是在擴(kuò)展我們的極限。
in 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then roger bannister did it in 1956 and from there it"s got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn"t fly。e_cept it does and we all know this. how does heavy stuff fly?we reorganize the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case.
在20世紀(jì)50年代，所有人都相信跑出4分鐘1英里的成績(jī)是不可能的，后來(lái)羅杰?班尼斯特在1965年做到了，而從那開始跑1英里的時(shí)間變得越來(lái)越短。120__年前，每個(gè)人都相信重的物體不能飛。它不但可以飛，而且我們大家都知道這個(gè)事實(shí)。那么，重物是怎樣飛的呢?我們觀察大自然的原理，在此是鳥飛行的原理，根據(jù)這些我們重新組織材料來(lái)使重物可以飛。
and today we"ve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. you can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand us dollars. we now have cars in the world that can fly.and there"s a different way to fly that we"ve learned from squirrels.
如今，我們甚至走得更遠(yuǎn)，你可以駕駛一輛會(huì)飛的汽車。你可以花幾十萬(wàn)美元購(gòu)買一輛這樣的汽車。我們現(xiàn)在有了會(huì)飛的汽車了。在能飛的松鼠的身上我們學(xué)會(huì)了另一種不同的方式來(lái)飛。
so all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.
你只要做的是去復(fù)制一只飛鼠如何飛的原理，建造一套翼服，你就可以像一只飛鼠那樣可以在天空中飛翔。
now, most people, a lot of people, i wouldn"t say everybody but a lot of people think they can"t draw.however there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply to learning to draw and you can actually learn to draw in five days.so, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this.
那么，大多數(shù)人，很多人，我不會(huì)說(shuō)所有人，但很多人認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)畫畫。然而這里有一些重要的原則，5個(gè)原則你可以利用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)畫畫并且實(shí)際上你可以在5天內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)。如果你平時(shí)畫成這樣，那么你學(xué)習(xí)5天這些原則, 然后應(yīng)用它們，5天后，你可以畫成這樣。
now i know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that was what i was able to do. and i looked at this and i went ‘wow," so that"s how i look like when i"m concentrating so intensely that my brain is e_ploding.
我知道這是真的，因?yàn)槟鞘俏业谝淮萎嫷模? 天后我應(yīng)用了這些原則，我可以做到這樣。當(dāng)我看著這個(gè)，我"哇"了一聲，那就是我非常強(qiáng)烈的專注，專注到我大腦快要爆炸的樣子呀!
so, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in si_ months.
因此，任何人都能夠用 5 天時(shí)間學(xué)會(huì)畫畫，同樣地，用同樣的方式和邏輯，任何人都可以在 6 個(gè)月內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)一門外語(yǔ)。
how: there are five principles and seven actions.there may be a few more but these are absolutely core.and before i get into those i just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths.
怎么做呢?有 5個(gè)原則和 7個(gè)行動(dòng)可以參考?？赡苡懈?，但這些絕對(duì)是核心部分。進(jìn)入這些點(diǎn)之前我想先說(shuō)說(shuō)兩個(gè)誤區(qū)并消除它們。
the first is that you need talent.let me tell you about zoe. zoe came from australia, went to holland, was trying to learn dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: ‘you"re completely useless," ‘you"re not talented," ‘give up," ‘you"re a waste of time" and she was very, very depressed.and then she came across these five principles, she moved to brazil and she applied them and within si_ months she was fluent in portuguese, so talent doesn"t matter.
誤區(qū)一, 你需要有天賦。讓我跟你們說(shuō)說(shuō)關(guān)于佐伊的事情。佐伊是澳大利亞人，她去到荷蘭并嘗試學(xué)習(xí)荷蘭語(yǔ)。她非常掙扎，最后人們跟她說(shuō)，"沒用的，""你沒有天賦，""還是放棄吧，""你根本就是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。"她對(duì)此感到非常沮喪。后來(lái)，她無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這 5 個(gè)原則，去了巴西，并把這些原則應(yīng)用到她學(xué)習(xí)葡萄牙語(yǔ)中，6 個(gè)月內(nèi)，她可以說(shuō)流利的葡萄牙語(yǔ)了。因此，天賦不重要。
people also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. but look around hong kong, look at all the westerners who"ve been here for ten years, who don"t speak a word of chinese.look at all the chinese living in america, britain, australia, canada who have been there ten, twenty years and they don"t speak any english. immersion per se doesn"t not work, why? because a drowning man cannot learn to swim.
人們還認(rèn)為學(xué)會(huì)一門外語(yǔ)最好的方式就是，到說(shuō)該門語(yǔ)言的國(guó)家去。但是看看在香港已經(jīng)呆了 10 年的西方人，還是一句中文也不會(huì)說(shuō)?？纯茨切┚幼≡诿绹?guó)、英國(guó)、澳大利亞、加拿大 10 年、20 年的中國(guó)人，還是不會(huì)一句英文。只呆在一個(gè)新的國(guó)家本身是沒有用的。為什么?因?yàn)槟缢娜耸菍W(xué)不會(huì)游泳的。
when you don"t speak a language you"re like a baby and if you drop yourself into a conte_t which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you won"t learn. so, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to;
當(dāng)你不能說(shuō)那種語(yǔ)言，你就像一個(gè)嬰兒，如果你進(jìn)入一個(gè)環(huán)境，那里全部都是成年人在嘰嘰呱呱的說(shuō)一些你完全聽不明白的話，你還是學(xué)不會(huì)。那么你需要注意的那 5 個(gè)原則是什么呢?
first: there are four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. especially when you"re talking about learning.come with me on a journey through a forest.you go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this.little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don"t.
首先，有四個(gè)詞，注意力、含義、關(guān)聯(lián)和記憶。這些在很多非常重要的方面是相互連接的，特別在你談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)時(shí)。請(qǐng)跟隨我來(lái)一趟森林之旅。你穿越森林，然后你看到一個(gè)像這樣的東西。你可能注意到樹上的這些小標(biāo)志，可能沒有。
you go another fifty metres and you see this.you should be paying attention.another fifty metres, if you haven"t been paying attention, you see this.and at this point, you"re paying attention. and you"ve just learned that this is important, it"s relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you"re going to pay attention to and therefore you"re going to remember it.
然后你繼續(xù)向前走 50 米，你看到了這個(gè)。你應(yīng)該要注意了。再 50 米，如果你還沒注意的話，你會(huì)看到這個(gè)。當(dāng)看到這個(gè)的時(shí)候，你就要注意了。你剛剛學(xué)習(xí)到了這個(gè)是重要的，它與你有重要關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗磉@個(gè)。任何有關(guān)聯(lián)的東西，任何有關(guān)你生存的信息都是值得你注意的，而你給注意力的就會(huì)記住的。
if it"s related to your personal goals then you"re going to pay attention to it, if it"s relevant you"re going to remember it. so, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you.which brings us to tools.we master tools by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us. so let me share a story. a keyboard is a tool. typing chinese a certain way, there are methods for this.
如果它關(guān)于你個(gè)人目標(biāo)的，那么你就會(huì)注意到它，如果它與你是有關(guān)聯(lián)的，你就會(huì)記住它。因此，學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言的第一個(gè)原則就是, 注意那些與你息息相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容上。這就讓我們談到工具。我們通過(guò)使用工具來(lái)掌握工具，而當(dāng)這些工具與我們息息相關(guān)的時(shí)候，我們就可以學(xué)得很快。先讓我分享一個(gè)故事。
that"s a tool.i had a colleague many years ago who went to night school; tuesday night, thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type chinese.
鍵盤是一個(gè)工具。有不同方法打中文字。這些方法屬于工具的一種。多年前，我有一位同事，她上夜校學(xué)習(xí)中文打字。每周二、周四晚上，她都用 2 個(gè)小時(shí)上課，然后也在家練習(xí)，她花了 9 個(gè)月的時(shí)間，仍然沒學(xué)會(huì)打中文字。
and one night we had a crisis.we had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in chinese. and she got the job, and i can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value.so the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one. as a kid does.
一天晚上，我們有一件緊急的事情。我們有 48 個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)準(zhǔn)備用中文發(fā)表一本訓(xùn)練手冊(cè)。她獲得了這個(gè)任務(wù) ，并且我可以像你保證，在 48 個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)，她學(xué)會(huì)了用中文打字。因?yàn)檫@是相關(guān)的、重要的、有意義的，她在使用一種工具來(lái)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值。因此，學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言的第二個(gè)工具是從第一天開始，用你的語(yǔ)言作為一種工具來(lái)溝通，像一個(gè)孩子那樣做。
when i first arrived in china i didn"t speak a word of chinese, and on my second week i got to take a train ride overnight.i spent eight hours sitting in the dining car talking to one of the guards on the train. he took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial e_pressions and piece by piece by piece i understood more and more.
當(dāng)我初次來(lái)到中國(guó)，我一句中文都不會(huì)說(shuō)。第二個(gè)星期我乘坐火車過(guò)夜。我花了 8 個(gè)小時(shí)，坐在餐車，跟一位乘警聊。因?yàn)槟撤N原因，他對(duì)我很感興趣。我們?cè)谀怯弥形牧牧苏?，隨著他畫畫、比劃雙手并動(dòng)用他的面部表情，我逐漸地明白越來(lái)越多。
but what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking chinese around me, i was understanding some of this and i hadn"t even made any effort to learn that. what had happened? i"d absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle when you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language unconsciously.
但是真正有趣的是，兩個(gè)星期后，當(dāng)人們?cè)谖抑車f(shuō)中文的時(shí)候，我可以明白一些而且我并沒有為之付出任何努力。發(fā)生了什么?在火車的那晚我已經(jīng)吸收了中文，這也是我們要說(shuō)的第三個(gè)原則。當(dāng)你已經(jīng)理解溝通的信息含義，接下來(lái)你將不知不覺下意識(shí)的獲得該語(yǔ)言。
and this is really, really well documented now, it"s something called comprehensible input and there"s twenty or thirty years of research on this. stephen krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them.
而且這是有充足的證據(jù)證明的，我們把它稱之為"可明白輸入"，而這個(gè)概念被研究了研究二三十年。此領(lǐng)域的佼佼者史蒂夫·克拉申發(fā)布了各類不同的學(xué)術(shù)研究成果，而這些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自他的一個(gè)報(bào)告。
the purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. the purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by comprehensible input. so, comprehension works.comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge. in many, many ways it"s about physiological training.
條形圖里面的紫色部分顯示不同語(yǔ)言測(cè)試的成績(jī)。紫色代表那些通過(guò)正式學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的人，綠色的代表那些通過(guò)可明白輸入學(xué)習(xí)的人。因此，可明白意思的輸入是有效的。理解是很關(guān)鍵的，而學(xué)語(yǔ)言本身不僅僅是獲取大量的知識(shí)。在很多方面，更多的是生理的訓(xùn)練。
a woman i know from taiwan did great at english at school, she got a grades all the way through, went through college, a grades, went to the us and found she couldn"t understand what people were saying. and people started asking her: ‘a(chǎn)re you deaf?"
and she was. english deaf.
我認(rèn)識(shí)一位來(lái)自臺(tái)灣的女士，上學(xué)時(shí)英文成績(jī)很好，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)也很優(yōu)秀。后來(lái)，她到了美國(guó)，竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己聽不懂別人在說(shuō)什么。然后人們開始問(wèn)她："你是聾的嗎?"她確實(shí)是。英語(yǔ)聾子。
because we have filters in our brain that filter in the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we"re not. and if you can"t hear it, you won"t understand it and if you can"t understand it, you"re not going to learn it.
因?yàn)樵谖覀兇竽X里有一些過(guò)濾器會(huì)幫助我們過(guò)濾熟悉的語(yǔ)言聲音進(jìn)入腦子里，而把不熟悉的語(yǔ)言聲音過(guò)濾出去。如果你聽不到，你不會(huì)明白;你聽不明白，你將不能學(xué)會(huì)它。
so you actually have to be able to hear these sounds.and there are ways to do that but it"s physiological training. speaking takes muscle. you"ve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.
因此，你必須能夠聽到這些聲音。這里有一些方法來(lái)做到，但這些是生理上的訓(xùn)練。說(shuō)話需要用到肌肉。在你的臉上有 43 塊肌肉，你必須協(xié)調(diào)好這些肌肉來(lái)發(fā)聲，讓別人明白你的話。
if you"ve ever done a new sport for a couple of days, then you know how your body feels. and it hurts. if your face is hurting you"re doing it right.
如果你曾經(jīng)有做過(guò)幾天新的運(yùn)動(dòng)，你會(huì)知道你的身體有什么感覺。有點(diǎn)酸疼。如果你的面部有這種酸疼的感覺，那就對(duì)了。
and the final principle is state. psycho-physiological state. if you"re sad, angry, worried, upset, you"re not going to learn. period. if you"re happy, rela_ed, in an alpha brain state, curious, you"re going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. if you"re one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you"re hearing, you will go nuts, because you"ll be incredibly upset all the time, because you"re not perfect.
最后一個(gè)原則是狀態(tài)。心理生理的狀態(tài)。如果你傷心、生氣、擔(dān)心、沮喪，你將不能學(xué)會(huì)。絕對(duì)是這樣。如果你是在一個(gè)開心、放松、好奇的大腦狀態(tài)下，你將很快學(xué)會(huì)，而且需要明確的一點(diǎn)是，你需要忍受歧義。如果你是那種在聽的時(shí)候需要百分百聽明白別人在說(shuō)的每一個(gè)詞的人之一，你會(huì)因?yàn)槟銦o(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻(的)沮喪感和你的不完美而發(fā)瘋了。
if you"re comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you"re going to be fine, you"ll be rela_ed and you"ll be learning quickly.
如果你對(duì)聽明白一些、聽不明白一些而感到舒服，并把注意力放在你明白的部分，你將會(huì)學(xué)好，而且你的狀態(tài)越輕松，你將學(xué)得越快。
so based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take
那么在這 5 個(gè)原則上，你還需要哪 7 個(gè)行動(dòng)呢?
number one: listen a lot. i call it brain soaking。you put yourself in a conte_t where you"re hearing tons and tons and tons of a language and it doesn"t matter if you understand it or not。 you"re listening to the rhythm ,you"re listening to the patterns that repeat, you"re listening to things that stand out。 so, just soak your brain in this.
第一，多聽。我把它叫做泡腦子。你把自己置放在聽很多很多語(yǔ)言的環(huán)境當(dāng)中，聽得明白與否無(wú)關(guān)重要。在聽的時(shí)候，你是在聽它的節(jié)奏、聽它重復(fù)的模式、聽凸出來(lái)的詞語(yǔ)。像這個(gè)泡泡你的腦子。
the second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. you go "well how do i do that?"， i don"t know the words. well, you understand what these different postures mean. human communication is body language in many, many ways, so much body language.
第二個(gè)行動(dòng)是，在獲取單詞之前先獲取它的意思。你可能在想，這個(gè)我怎么知道的呢?我不知道那些單詞!但你可以理解那些不同手勢(shì)代表的含義。身體語(yǔ)言占領(lǐng)人類交流的一大部分。
from body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, you"re understanding, you"re acquiring through comprehensible input.and you can also use patterns that you already know. if you"re a chinese speaker of mandarin and cantonese and you go vietnam, you will understand 60% of what they say to you in daily conversation, because vietnamese is about 30% mandarin, 30% cantonese.
從身體語(yǔ)言，你可以理解很多對(duì)話內(nèi)容，因此，你通過(guò)可明白輸入理解、獲取它的含義。你還可以利用你已經(jīng)知道的模式。如果你是說(shuō)國(guó)語(yǔ)和粵語(yǔ)，當(dāng)你去到越南，你可以明白 60%的日常用語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樵侥显捰?30%的國(guó)語(yǔ)和 30%的粵語(yǔ)。
the third action: start mi_ing. you probably have never thought of this but if you"ve got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things. language is a creative process. what do babies do? okay: me, bat(h)， now， okay, that"s how they communicate.so start mi_ing, get creative, have fun with it, it doesn"t have to be perfect it just has to work.
第三個(gè)行動(dòng)：開始混合。你可能之前沒有想過(guò)這個(gè)，但如果你有10個(gè)動(dòng)詞，10個(gè)名詞和 10個(gè)形容詞，你可以說(shuō)一千句不同的話。語(yǔ)言是創(chuàng)造的過(guò)程。孩子是怎么做的呢?我，澡澡，現(xiàn)在......這就是他們說(shuō)話的方式。所以現(xiàn)在開始混合、創(chuàng)造并從中獲得趣味。你不需要做到完美，你能溝通就好。而且當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你把注意力放在核心上。
and when you"re doing this you focus on the core. what does that mean? well any language has high frequency content. in english 1000 words covers 85% of anything you"re ever going to say in daily communication. 3000 words give you 98% of anything you"re going to say in daily conversation. you got 3000 words, you"re speaking the language. the rest is icing on the cake.
任何語(yǔ)言都有它的高頻內(nèi)容。英語(yǔ)有1000個(gè)高頻詞覆蓋你85%的日常交流。而3000個(gè)高頻詞將覆蓋98%的日常交流。你有 3000個(gè)高頻詞，你將可以說(shuō)一門外語(yǔ)。剩余的是錦上添花。
and when you"re just beginning with a new language start with the tool bo_. week number one in your new language you say things like: ‘how do you say that?" ‘i don"t understand,"‘repeat that please," ‘what does that mean," all in your target language.
當(dāng)你開始學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)，從工具箱開始。第一周，你會(huì)用新語(yǔ)言說(shuō)一些像這樣的話"那個(gè)你怎么說(shuō)?""我不明白，""請(qǐng)重復(fù)，""那是什么意思"全都用你的目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言。
you"re using it as a tool, making it useful to you, it"s relevant to learn other things about the language. it"s by week two that you should be saying things like: ‘me," ‘this," ‘you," ‘that," ‘give," you know, ‘hot," simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicating like a baby.
你把它當(dāng)做工具來(lái)用，并且利用好它，這對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)該門語(yǔ)言的其他東西是有重大關(guān)系的。第二周，你應(yīng)該會(huì)說(shuō)一些像"我"、"這個(gè)"、"你"、"那個(gè)"、"給"、"熱"，像個(gè)孩子一樣用這些簡(jiǎn)單的代詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞來(lái)溝通。
and by the third or fourth week, you"re getting into what i call glue words. ‘a(chǎn)lthough," ‘but," ‘therefore," these are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to make more comple_ meaning。at that point you"re talking。
然后第三或第四周，你會(huì)進(jìn)入我稱為"膠水詞"的這部分。 "雖然"、"但是"、"因此"，這些邏輯工具幫助你把語(yǔ)言的小塊緊密地結(jié)合在一起，讓你制造更多復(fù)雜的意思。在那個(gè)階段，你已經(jīng)進(jìn)入說(shuō)話的階段了!
and when you"re doing that, you should get yourself a language parent. if you look at how children and parents interact, you"ll understand what this means. when a child is speaking, it"ll be using simple words, simple combinations, sometimes quite strange, sometimes very strange pronunciation and other people from outside the family don"t understand it. but the parents do.
當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該給自己找位語(yǔ)言家長(zhǎng)。如果你看看孩子和父母之間的互動(dòng)，你會(huì)明白這個(gè)什么意思的。當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子說(shuō)話，它會(huì)用簡(jiǎn)單的詞，簡(jiǎn)單的組合，而有時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生奇怪甚至是非常怪的聲音，如果不是家里人根本就不懂它在說(shuō)什么。 但是父母卻知道。因此，孩子有個(gè)安全的環(huán)境，然后變得有自信。父母用孩子可以理解的身體語(yǔ)言和簡(jiǎn)單句子跟他們說(shuō)話。
and so the kid has a safe environment, gets confidence. the parents talk to the children with body language and with simple language which they know the child understands. so we have a comprehensible input environment that"s safe, we know it works otherwise none of you would speak your mother tongue.so you get yourself a language parent, who"s somebody interested in you as a person who will communicate with you essentially as an equal, but pay attention to help you understand the message.
因此我們有一個(gè)很安全的可明白輸入的環(huán)境。我們知道這個(gè)有用，不然的話我們都不會(huì)說(shuō)自己的母語(yǔ)。因此你可以給自己找個(gè)語(yǔ)言家長(zhǎng)，他是對(duì)你感興趣的一個(gè)人，可以跟你溝通得上的，甚至專注于幫助你理解的同輩。
there are four rules of a language parent. spouses by the way are not very good at this, okay? but the four rules are, first of all, they will work hard to understand what you mean even when you"re way off beat.
語(yǔ)言家長(zhǎng)有四個(gè)規(guī)則。 順便說(shuō)一下，配偶在這里沒有那么好，明白嗎? 那么 4 條規(guī)則是，第一，他們會(huì)盡可能地理解你的意思，哪怕你脫離節(jié)拍。
secondly, they will never correct your mistakes. thirdly they will feed back their understanding of what you are saying so you can respond appropriately and get that feedback and then they will use words that you know.
第二，他們從來(lái)不會(huì)糾正你的錯(cuò)誤。第三，他們會(huì)理解你說(shuō)的話并給出反饋，好讓你適當(dāng)?shù)鼗貞?yīng)并獲得反饋，并且他們也是說(shuō)你知道的單詞。
the si_th thing you have to do, is copy the face. you"ve got to get the muscles working right, so you can sound in a way that people will understand you. there"s a couple of things you do.
第六件事你需要做的就是，模仿面部表情。 你需要把肌肉部位用得準(zhǔn)確，別人才可以聽明白你發(fā)出的聲音。 達(dá)到此目的，你需要做幾件事情。
one is that you hear how it feels, and feel how it sounds which means you have a feedback loop operating in your face, but ideally if you can look at a native speaker and just observe how they use their face, let your unconscious mind absorb the rules, then you"re going to be able to pick it up. and if you can"t get a native speaker to look at, you can use stuff like this: [slides].
第一，聽它是什么感覺的并感覺它是怎樣發(fā)出聲音的，從你的臉上獲得反饋。如果條件理想的話，你可以看著母語(yǔ)者并觀察他們的面部，讓你下意識(shí)地吸收這些規(guī)則，然后你將能夠獲取到它。如果你沒有母語(yǔ)者可以看著學(xué)習(xí)的話，你可以用像這樣的東西。
and the final idea here, the final action you need to take is something that i call "direct connect." what does this mean? well most people learning a second language sort of take the mother tongue words and take the target words and go over them again and again in their mind to try and remember them. really inefficient.
最后一個(gè)行動(dòng)是, 你需要"直接聯(lián)系"。什么意思呢?大多數(shù)人學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)幾乎都是用母語(yǔ)的單詞對(duì)照目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言，反復(fù)地在心中念并嘗試記住它們。這樣做效率真的很低。你需要做的是意識(shí)到你所知道的事情在你的腦海里都有一個(gè)畫面和感覺。
what you need to do is realize that everything you know is an image inside your mind, it"s feelings, if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke you can hear the crackling, you can see the flames, so what you do, is you go into that imagery and all of that memory and you come out with another pathway.so i call it ‘same bo_, different path.
如果你說(shuō)到"火"，你可以聞到那個(gè)煙味，你可以聽到那燃燒的爆裂聲，你可以看到那火焰，所以你需要做的是進(jìn)入那些意象和有關(guān)的所有的記憶力，然后從另一條通道出來(lái)。我把這叫做"殊途同歸"(同一個(gè)盒子，不同的路)
you come out of that pathway, you build it over time you become more and more skilled at just connecting the new sounds to those images that you already have, into that internal representation.and over time you even become naturally good at that process, that becomes unconscious.
你從那條通道出來(lái)，你將建立這種技能并且越來(lái)越熟練地把新的聲音連接到你心里已經(jīng)知道的畫面去。往后你甚至很擅長(zhǎng)走這個(gè)過(guò)程，甚至是無(wú)意識(shí)的。
so, there are five principles that you need to work with, seven actions, if you do any of them, you"re going to improve。and remember these are things under your control as the learner. do them all and you"re going to be fluent in a second language in si_ months.
因此，你需要運(yùn)用的那 5 個(gè)原則和 7 個(gè)行動(dòng)，如果你運(yùn)用其中任何一個(gè)，都將得到進(jìn)步。并且記住，作為學(xué)習(xí)者，這些事情都在你的掌控之下。如果你做到以上全部，你將會(huì)在六個(gè)月內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)流利的外語(yǔ)。
thank you.
謝謝。
學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)演講稿 模板4
閱讀小貼士：模板4共計(jì)7068個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)18分鐘。朗讀需要36分鐘，中速朗讀48分鐘，在莊重嚴(yán)肅場(chǎng)合朗讀需要65分鐘，有144位用戶喜歡。
學(xué)會(huì)擁抱別人，就是給自己溫暖
演講者：thandie newton
embracing otherness. when i first heard this theme, i thought, well, embracing otherness is embracing myself. and the journey to that place of understanding and acceptance has been an interesting one for me, and it"s given me an insight into the whole notion of self, which i think is worth sharing with you today.
擁抱他人，當(dāng)我第一次聽到這個(gè)主題時(shí)我覺得擁抱他人，就是擁抱我自己。對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)通往理解和接納的路是十分有意思的，并且讓我對(duì)"自我"這一概念有了深刻的理解 。我想這值得在今天和你們分享。
we each have a self, but i don"t think that we"re born with one. you know how newborn babies believe they"re part of everything; they"re not separate? well that fundamental sense of oneness is lost on us very quickly. it"s like that initial stage is over -- oneness: infancy, unformed, primitive. it"s no longer valid or real. what is real is separateness, and at some point in early babyhood, the idea of self starts to form.
我們都有一個(gè)自我但我并不認(rèn)為這是與生俱來(lái)的。你看那些剛出生的小嬰兒，他們認(rèn)為自己屬于任何事物，他們并不是脫離的。這種最基本的同一性，會(huì)很快從我們身上消失，如同最初始的狀態(tài)已經(jīng)結(jié)束。同一性：嬰兒期 未成形的、原始的將不復(fù)存在 ，取而代之的是分離。在嬰兒期的某一點(diǎn)，關(guān)于自我的意識(shí)開始萌芽。
our little portion of oneness is given a name, is told all kinds of things about itself, and these details, opinions and ideas become facts, which go towards building ourselves, our identity. and that self becomes the vehicle for navigating our social world. but the self is a projection based on other people"s projections. is it who we really are? or who we really want to be, or should be?
我們同一性的一小部分被賦予了一個(gè)名字 被告知關(guān)于它自己的任何事情 這些細(xì)節(jié)，觀點(diǎn)和想法變成事實(shí)，這些都幫我們形成自我以及自己的身份。然后這個(gè)自我就成為一個(gè)工具，用來(lái)探索周圍的這個(gè)世界，但是這個(gè)自我實(shí)際上是一個(gè)投影。以其他人的投影為基礎(chǔ) 這就是真正的我們嗎?是我們真正想成為，或者應(yīng)該成為的人嗎?
so this whole interaction with self and identity was a very difficult one for me growing up. the self that i attempted to take out into the world was rejected over and over again. and my panic at not having a self that fit, and the confusion that came from my self being rejected, created an_iety, shame and hopelessness, which kind of defined me for a long time.
在我成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中我一直都很難處理自我與身份之間的相互影響，那個(gè)我嘗試著向周圍的世界展示的自我，被一次又一次拒絕，因?yàn)闆]有一個(gè)合適的自我而帶來(lái)的恐慌，以及因?yàn)楸痪芙^而產(chǎn)生的惶恐，引起了我的焦慮、羞愧還有無(wú)望。這些在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里都限制了我。
but in retrospect, the destruction of my self was so repetitive that i started to see a pattern. the self changed, got affected, broken, destroyed, but another one would evolve -- sometimes stronger, sometimes hateful, sometimes not wanting to be there at all. the self was not constant. and how many times would my self have to die before i realized that it was never alive in the first place?
但當(dāng)我回想過(guò)去對(duì)于自我的毀滅反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，我開始看出一些規(guī)律，一個(gè)自我被改變被影響、被打擊破壞，但有一個(gè)新的會(huì)形成。有時(shí)更強(qiáng)、有時(shí)充滿仇恨 、有時(shí)則根本不想出現(xiàn)，這個(gè)自我并不是恒定的。在我還沒有意識(shí)到這個(gè)自我曾經(jīng)從未存在時(shí)，我的"自我" 會(huì)死多少次呢?
i grew up on the coast of england in the "70s. my dad is white from cornwall, and my mom is black from zimbabwe. even the idea of us as a family was challenging to most people. but nature had its wicked way, and brown babies were born. but from about the age of five, i was aware that i didn"t fit. i was the black atheist kid in the all-white catholic school run by nuns.
我于上世紀(jì)七十年代生長(zhǎng)在英格蘭的海岸邊，我父親是來(lái)自康沃爾的白人，我母親是來(lái)自津巴布韋的黑人。對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)論如何也想不到我們是一家人，但大自然自有意想不到的一面，棕色的孩子出生了。但自從五歲開始我就察覺出我的格格不入。我是一個(gè)信奉無(wú)神論的黑人孩子，在一個(gè)由修女運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的白人天主學(xué)校我是一個(gè)另類。
i was an anomaly, and my self was rooting around for definition and trying to plug in. because the self likes to fit, to see itself replicated, to belong. that confirms its e_istence and its importance. and it is important. it has an e_tremely important function. without it, we literally can"t interface with others. we can"t hatch plans and climb that stairway of popularity, of success.
我的自我在不斷尋找一個(gè)定義并試圖將自己套入定義，因?yàn)樽晕叶际窃敢馊ト谌??？吹阶约罕粡?fù)制，有歸屬感那能確認(rèn)自我的存在感和重要性，這很重要。這有一個(gè)極端重要的功能，沒有一個(gè)對(duì)自我的定義，我們簡(jiǎn)直不能和其他人交流。我們無(wú)法制定計(jì)劃、無(wú)法爬上潮流和成功的階梯。
but my skin color wasn"t right. my hair wasn"t right. my history wasn"t right. my self became defined by otherness, which meant that, in that social world, i didn"t really e_ist. and i was "other" before being anything else -- even before being a girl. i was a noticeable nobody.
但我的膚色不對(duì)、我的發(fā)色不對(duì)、我的來(lái)歷不對(duì)， 我的自我被他人定義。這意味著在社會(huì)上我并不存在，我首先被定義為一個(gè)另類，甚至先于被定義為一個(gè)女孩。我是一個(gè)引人注意的沒有人。
another world was opening up around this time: performance and dancing. that nagging dread of self-hood didn"t e_ist when i was dancing. i"d literally lose myself. and i was a really good dancer. i would put all my emotional e_pression into my dancing. i could be in the movement in a way that i wasn"t able to be in my real life, in myself.
在這個(gè)時(shí)候另一個(gè)世界出現(xiàn)了，那就是表演和舞蹈。對(duì)于自我糾纏不清的恐懼在我跳舞時(shí)并不存在，我像是失去了自己。我是一個(gè)好的舞蹈演員，我會(huì)把我所有的感情 投入到舞蹈中去。在舞蹈中我能完成我在現(xiàn)實(shí)中自己無(wú)法做到的動(dòng)作。
and at 16, i stumbled across another opportunity, and i earned my first acting role in a film. i can hardly find the words to describe the peace i felt when i was acting. my dysfunctional self could actually plug in to another self, not my own, and it felt so good. it was the first time that i e_isted inside a fully-functioning self -- one that i controlled, that i steered, that i gave life to. but the shooting day would end, and i"d return to my gnarly, awkward self.
當(dāng)我16歲時(shí)我無(wú)意中遇到另一個(gè)機(jī)遇，得到了我的第一個(gè)電影角色。我難以找到言語(yǔ) 來(lái)形容在表演中我感受到的平靜，我那殘缺的自我終于融入了不是我自己的另一個(gè)自我，這種感覺真好。那是我第一次存在于一個(gè)正常運(yùn)作的自我、一個(gè)我可以控制的、可以操縱的、可以賦予生命的自我。但是拍攝的日子終會(huì)結(jié)束，我也會(huì)回到我那扭曲尷尬的自我。
by 19, i was a fully-fledged movie actor, but still searching for definition. i applied to read anthropology at university. dr. phyllis lee gave me my interview, and she asked me, "how would you define race?" well, i thought i had the answer to that one, and i said, "skin color." "so biology, genetics?" she said. "because, thandie, that"s not accurate. because there"s actually more genetic difference between a black kenyan and a black ugandan than there is between a black kenyan and, say, a white norwegian.
當(dāng)我19歲時(shí)，我已經(jīng)是一個(gè)羽翼豐滿的電影演員，但卻仍在尋找定義。我在大學(xué)里申請(qǐng)攻讀人類學(xué)phyllis lee博士對(duì)我進(jìn)行了面試，她問(wèn)我："你怎樣定義種族?" 嗯，我覺得我有答案，然后我說(shuō)："膚色。" 她繼續(xù)問(wèn)道："也就是生物學(xué)基因上的差異?" "因?yàn)椋５?，膚色并不準(zhǔn)確。在一個(gè)黑皮膚的肯尼亞人和一個(gè)黑皮膚的烏干達(dá)人之間存在的基因差異，實(shí)際上超過(guò)在一個(gè)黑皮膚的肯尼亞人和一個(gè)比如說(shuō)，白皮膚的挪威人之間的差異。
because we all stem from africa. so in africa, there"s been more time to create genetic diversity." in other words, race has no basis in biological or scientific fact. on the one hand, result. right? on the other hand, my definition of self just lost a huge chunk of its credibility. but what was credible, what is biological and scientific fact, is that we all stem from africa -- in fact, from a woman called mitochondrial eve who lived 160,000 years ago. and race is an illegitimate concept which our selves have created based on fear and ignorance.
因?yàn)槲覀兌计鹪从诜侵?，所以在非洲更有可能產(chǎn)生基因多樣性。" 換句話說(shuō)種族這一說(shuō)法，并沒有生物學(xué)或科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)一方面，這是結(jié)果對(duì)嗎? 另一方面，我對(duì)自我的定義則失去了相當(dāng)大一部分的可信度，可以相信的以及生物學(xué)和科學(xué)事實(shí)，就是我們都起源于非洲。實(shí)際上，起源于一個(gè)叫做線粒體夏娃的女人，她生活在十六萬(wàn)年前，種族是一個(gè)不合法的概念，是我們自己創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的基于恐懼和無(wú)知。
strangely, these revelations didn"t cure my low self-esteem, that feeling of otherness. my desire to disappear was still very powerful. i had a degree from cambridge; i had a thriving career, but my self was a car crash, and i wound up with bulimia and on a therapist"s couch. and of course i did. i still believed my self was all i was. i still valued self-worth above all other worth, and what was there to suggest otherwise?
奇怪的是，這些啟示并沒有治愈我那缺少的自尊，那種被劃為另類的感覺。我渴望消失的想法依舊十分強(qiáng)烈。我有一個(gè)劍橋的學(xué)位，我的事業(yè)蒸蒸日上。但我的自我卻如同一場(chǎng)車禍，最終我患上貪食癥并接受治療，我當(dāng)然會(huì)這樣，我依舊相信我的自我就是我的全部，我依舊認(rèn)為自我價(jià)值高于其余任何價(jià)值。不然還能怎樣呢?
we"ve created entire value systems and a physical reality to support the worth of self. look at the industry for self-image and the jobs it creates, the revenue it turns over. we"d be right in assuming that the self is an actual living thing. but it"s not. it"s a projection which our clever brains create in order to cheat ourselves from the reality of death.
我們創(chuàng)造了整個(gè)價(jià)值系統(tǒng)以及一個(gè)客觀的現(xiàn)實(shí)，用以支持自我的價(jià)值，看看由個(gè)人形象帶動(dòng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，還有它提供的工 以及它創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值。我們可能會(huì)假設(shè)這個(gè)自我是真實(shí)存在的，但我們錯(cuò)了。這只是一個(gè)投影，是由我們聰明的大腦創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的，來(lái)欺騙我們自己無(wú)需面對(duì)死亡的現(xiàn)實(shí)。
but there is something that can give the self ultimate and infinite connection -- and that thing is oneness, our essence. the self"s struggle for authenticity and definition will never end unless it"s connected to its creator -- to you and to me. and that can happen with awareness -- awareness of the reality of oneness and the projection of self-hood.
但總有一些事能賦予自我極無(wú)盡的聯(lián)系 ，就是同一性我們的本源自我對(duì)于真實(shí)性和定義的掙扎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止，除非自我能夠與創(chuàng)造者相連。與你，與我這和意識(shí)的覺醒一同存在意識(shí)到同一性的現(xiàn)實(shí)以及自我的投影。
for a start, we can think about all the times when we do lose ourselves. it happens when i dance, when i"m acting. i"m earthed in my essence, and my self is suspended. in those moments, i"m connected to everything -- the ground, the air, the sounds, the energy from the audience. all my senses are alert and alive in much the same way as an infant might feel -- that feeling of oneness.
一開始，我們可以想想那些我們失去自我的時(shí)候，當(dāng)我跳舞時(shí)、表演時(shí)，我根植于我的本源，我的自我被抑制了在那些時(shí)刻。我與萬(wàn)物相連，大地、空氣、聲音、觀眾的能量，我的所有感官都是警覺和鮮活的如同一個(gè)嬰兒感受到的一般，那種同一性的感覺。
and when i"m acting a role, i inhabit another self, and i give it life for awhile, because when the self is suspended so is divisiveness and judgment. and i"ve played everything from a vengeful ghost in the time of slavery to secretary of state in 20__. and no matter how other these selves might be, they"re all related in me. and i honestly believe the key to my success as an actor and my progress as a person has been the very lack of self that used to make me feel so an_ious and insecure.
當(dāng)我表演一個(gè)角色時(shí)我進(jìn)入了另一個(gè)自我。我在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)賦予其生命當(dāng)自我被抑制時(shí)它的多樣性和判斷也會(huì)一同被抑制。我出演過(guò)許多角色，從奴隸時(shí)代想要復(fù)仇的鬼魂，到20__年的國(guó)務(wù)卿。無(wú)論這些角色是多么的不同，他們?nèi)寂c我相連。我誠(chéng)懇地認(rèn)為我作為一個(gè)演員能夠成功的關(guān)鍵以及作為一個(gè)不斷進(jìn)步的人，是因?yàn)樽晕业娜笔В@讓我覺得非常焦慮和不安。
i always wondered why i could feel others" pain so deeply, why i could recognize the somebody in the nobody. it"s because i didn"t have a self to get in the way. i thought i lacked substance, and the fact that i could feel others" meant that i had nothing of myself to feel. the thing that was a source of shame was actually a source of enlightenment.
我總是在想為什么我能如此深切地感受到他人的痛苦，為什么我能辨認(rèn)出一個(gè)被忽視的人，那是因?yàn)槲覜]有一個(gè)自我擋在中間，我想我缺少一種介質(zhì)我能夠感受他人這個(gè)事實(shí)。說(shuō)明我感受不到我自己這曾經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了我的羞愧，其實(shí)是給我啟蒙的源頭。
and when i realized and really understood that my self is a projection and that it has a function, a funny thing happened. i stopped giving it so much authority. i give it its due. i take it to therapy. i"ve become very familiar with its dysfunctional behavior. but i"m not ashamed of my self. in fact, i respect my self and its function. and over time and with practice, i"ve tried to live more and more from my essence. and if you can do that, incredible things happen.
當(dāng)我意識(shí)到并真正明白自我是一個(gè)投影，并有它自己的功能時(shí)，一件有意思的事發(fā)生了，我不再給我的自我過(guò)多的權(quán)利，我給它應(yīng)得的回報(bào)，我?guī)ブ委?，我已?jīng)非常熟悉自我的不正常運(yùn)作了。但我并不為我的自我感到羞愧。事實(shí)上，我尊重我的自我 和它的功能，經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)間和練習(xí)，我不斷嘗試過(guò)一種順從我的本源的生活。如果你能做到這一點(diǎn)，將會(huì)發(fā)生不可思議的事情。
i was in congo in february, dancing and celebrating with women who"ve survived the destruction of their selves in literally unthinkable ways -- destroyed because other brutalized, psychopathic selves all over that beautiful land are fueling our selves" addiction to ipods, pads, and bling, which further disconnect ourselves from ever feeling their pain, their suffering, their death.
二月份的時(shí)候我在剛果與那些自我曾遭受難以想象的毀滅的女人們一起跳舞慶祝，因?yàn)樵谀瞧利惖耐恋厣夏切┍粴埧釋?duì)待的心理變態(tài)的自我，正不斷滿足我們對(duì)于 ipod以及ipad等光鮮事物的癮。這些更進(jìn)一步阻礙我們?nèi)ジ惺芩齻兊耐纯?、她們的遭遇、她們的死亡?/p>
because, hey, if we"re all living in ourselves and mistaking it for life, then we"re devaluing and desensitizing life. and in that disconnected state, yeah, we can build factory farms with no windows, destroy marine life and use rape as a weapon of war. so here"s a note to self: the cracks have started to show in our constructed world, and oceans will continue to surge through the cracks, and oil and blood, rivers of it.
因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們都活在自己的世界里，并以為這就是生活。那我們就是在貶低生活的價(jià)值，并且變得越來(lái)越遲鈍。在那樣一個(gè)被隔斷的狀態(tài)里我們可以建造沒有窗戶的工廠、破壞海洋生命、把__視為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的一種武器。這有一個(gè)對(duì)自我的建議在我們這個(gè)被構(gòu)造的世界里已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)裂縫，海水將持續(xù)不斷從裂縫中涌出石油和鮮血，匯流成河。
crucially, we haven"t been figuring out how to live in oneness with the earth and every other living thing. we"ve just been insanely trying to figure out how to live with each other -- billions of each other. only we"re not living with each other; our crazy selves are living with each other and perpetuating an epidemic of disconnection.
關(guān)鍵在于我們尚未找出、怎樣與地球和萬(wàn)物一起生活在同一性中我們一直在瘋狂地尋找，怎樣和數(shù)十億的其他人一起生活，只是我們并非和其他人一起生活。我們瘋狂的自我們?cè)谝黄鹕?、與他人的隔斷，也如同傳染病一般蔓延。
let"s live with each other and take it a breath at a time. if we can get under that heavy self, light a torch of awareness, and find our essence, our connection to the infinite and every other living thing. we knew it from the day we were born. let"s not be freaked out by our bountiful nothingness. it"s more a reality than the ones our selves have created. imagine what kind of e_istence we can have if we honor inevitable death of self, appreciate the privilege of life and marvel at what comes ne_t. simple awareness is where it begins.
讓我們生活在一起，歇一口氣，慢慢來(lái)。如果我們能進(jìn)入那沉重的自我，點(diǎn)燃一支覺察的火炬尋找我們的本源。我們和永恒以及萬(wàn)物的聯(lián)系，我們從出生那天就知道的聯(lián)系。我們無(wú)須因?yàn)榇罅康目仗摱艔?，相比于我們?chuàng)造出的那些這空虛更加真實(shí)。想像我們能有怎樣的存在方式，當(dāng)我們正視自我不可避免的死亡、感恩生命的權(quán)利，驚異于即將到來(lái)的事物這些都來(lái)自于簡(jiǎn)單的覺察。
thank you for listening.
感謝聆聽!
《學(xué)會(huì)擁抱別人，就是給自己溫暖》觀后感
從小到大我的性格都是屬于那種很要強(qiáng)的人，心中想要超越的對(duì)手就一定要決出勝負(fù)才肯罷休，并在那一階段拼命似的努力，以此來(lái)打敗自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，不論是好友還是莫不相識(shí)的人，都會(huì)被我視為仇敵般對(duì)待(當(dāng)然，純粹是正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng))，直到那一次，他改變了我內(nèi)心這種想法……
那是在五年級(jí)的一次月考檢測(cè)上，由于之前他學(xué)習(xí)刻苦努力，成績(jī)一直保持在我的前方，就這樣，不知是幸還是不幸他淪為了我的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，原本班中的雙子星就在考試陰影的籠罩下慢慢開始出現(xiàn)了破碎的痕跡?？荚嚽暗男瞧谌?，他打電話讓我去家里一起復(fù)習(xí)，在平時(shí)會(huì)很高興答應(yīng)的我此時(shí)卻有些猶豫不決，在這關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻也許一起復(fù)習(xí)會(huì)有意外的效果，但，但他可是我的對(duì)手呀，不行，我決不可以和他一起進(jìn)行，思考了片刻，語(yǔ)氣有些怯生生地拒絕了他，雖經(jīng)過(guò)他再三懇求可我仍沒有心動(dòng)，在掛下電話之前我聽到了他重重地嘆氣聲，頓時(shí)心生不安，是呀，拿別人的真誠(chéng)去換自己的拒絕，真是一種不道義的行為，但為了超越他也是迫不得已的!
隨著月考的過(guò)去，整個(gè)人的身心都放松了許多，可是在放松的同時(shí)又隱約有些緊張，右眼地時(shí)常跳動(dòng)好像預(yù)示著我成績(jī)得不理想。果然，語(yǔ)文試卷的作文寫得有些跑題，致使這一科就比他拉下去好幾十分，就算其它科考得再好也無(wú)法超過(guò)他了，望著窗外黑色的烏云，我真的意識(shí)到了我的錯(cuò)誤，淚水不禁涌了出來(lái)，我連忙低下頭偷偷拭去了眼角旁的眼淚，忽然我感到一只溫暖的手扶在我的肩上，回頭一看，原來(lái)是他，他安慰我說(shuō)："沒關(guān)系的，考不好不要緊，就是一次檢測(cè)而已!哈哈。"看著他天真無(wú)邪的笑容，我擁抱了這位對(duì)手，而他也不僅僅是我的對(duì)手，還是我最好的朋友!
對(duì)手在一定意義上也是你的朋友，我們要珍惜這一段記憶，將如此幸運(yùn)之事永久封存在大腦之中。
學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)演講稿 模板5
閱讀小貼士：模板5共計(jì)0個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)0分鐘。朗讀需要0分鐘，中速朗讀0分鐘，在莊重嚴(yán)肅場(chǎng)合朗讀需要0分鐘，有105位用戶喜歡。
學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)演講稿 模板6
閱讀小貼士：模板6共計(jì)6207個(gè)字，預(yù)計(jì)閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)16分鐘。朗讀需要32分鐘，中速朗讀42分鐘，在莊重嚴(yán)肅場(chǎng)合朗讀需要57分鐘，有237位用戶喜歡。
簡(jiǎn)介：為什么有的人學(xué)了__年的英語(yǔ)還是開不了口?而另一些人卻能迅速掌握一門外語(yǔ)?上世紀(jì)80年代，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家chris lonsdale來(lái)到中國(guó)，僅用6個(gè)月的時(shí)間他就能說(shuō)出流利的普通話。他是怎么做到的?一起來(lái)聽聽他的學(xué)習(xí)方法吧!
have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part of how you think? maybe even part of who you are as a person? well i’ve had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less time at school. and if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn’t have to go to school at all.
now, when i was young, school was sort of okay but i found quite often that school got in the way of learning so i had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? and this began when i was very, very young, when i was about eleven years old i wrote a letter to researchers in the soviet union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your bed and it turns on in the middle of the night when you’re sleeping, and you’re supposed to be learning from this.
a good idea, unfortunately it doesn’t work. but, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and we’ve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question. i went on from there to become passionate about psychology and i have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until this point. in 1981 i took myself to china and i decided that i was going to be native level in chinese inside two years.
now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought chinese was really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it. and i also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process. what was really cool was that in si_ months i was fluent in mandarin chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. but i looked around and i saw all of these people from different countries struggling terribly with chinese, i saw chinese people struggling terribly to learn english and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?
now this a really, really important question in today’s world. we have massive challenges with environment we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things going on and if we can’t communicate we’re really going to have difficulty solving these problems. so we need to be able to speak each other’s languages, this is really, really important.
the question then is how do you do that. well, it’s actually really easy. you look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where it’s already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. it’s called modelling and i’ve been looking at language learning and modelling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now.
and my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to fluency inside si_ months. now when i say this, most people think i’m crazy, this is not possible. so let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, it’s all about e_panding our limits.
in 1950 everybody believed that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then roger bannister did it in 1956 and from there it’s got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesn’t fly. e_cept it does and we all know this. how does heavy stuff fly? we reorganise the materials using principles that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case. and today we’ve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. you can buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand us dollars. we now have cars in the world that can fly. and there’s a different way to fly that we’ve learned from squirrels. so all you need to do is copy what a flying squirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel.
no, most people, a lot of people, i wouldn’t say everybody but a lot of people think they can’t draw. however there are some key principles, five principles that you can apply to learning to draw and you can 2 actually learn to draw in five days. so, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this. now i know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that was what i was able to do. and i looked at this and i went ‘wow,’ so that’s how i look like when i’m concentrating so intensely that my brain is e_ploding. so, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in si_ months.
how: there are five principles and seven actions. there may be a few more but these are absolutely core. and before i get into those i just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths. the first is that you need talent. let me tell you about zoe. zoe came from australia, went to holland, was trying to learn dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: ‘you’re completely useless,’ ‘you’re not talented,’ ‘give up,’ ‘you’re a waste of time’ and she was very, very depressed. and then she came across these five principles, she moved to brazil and she applied them and within si_ months she was fluent in portuguese, so talent doesn’t matter.
people also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. but look around hong kong, look at all the westerners who’ve been here for ten years, who don’t speak a word of chinese. look at all the chinese living in america, britain, australia, canada have been there ten, twenty year and they don’t speak any english. immersion per se doesn’t not work, why? because a drowning man cannot learn to swim. when you don’t speak a language you’re like a baby and if you drop yourself into a conte_t which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you won’t learn.
so, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to; first: the four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. especially when you’re talking about learning. come with me on a journey through a forest. you go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this. little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don’t. you go another fifty metres and you see this. you should be paying attention. another fifty metres, if you haven’t been paying attention, you see this.
and at this point, you’re paying attention. and you’ve just learned that this is important, it’s relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you’re going to pay attention to and therefore you’re going to remember it. if it’s related to your personal goals then you’re going to pay attention to it, if it’s relevant you’re going to remember it. so, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you. which brings us to tools. we master tool by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us.
so let me share a story. a keyboard is a tool. typing chinese a certain way, there are methods for this. that’s a tool. i had a colleague many years ago who went to night school; tuesday night, thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type chinese. and one night we had a crisis. we had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in chinese. and she got the job, and i can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type chinese because it was relevant, it was important, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value. so the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one.
as a kid does. when i first arrived in china i didn’t speak a word of chinese, and on my second week i got to take a train ride overnight. i spent eight hours sitting in the dining care talking to one of the guards on the train, he took an interest in me for some reason, and we just chatted all night in chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial e_pressions and piece by piece by piece i understood more and more. but what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking chinese around me, i was understanding some of this and i hadn’t even made any effort to learn that.
what had happened, i’d absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle. when you first understand the message, then you will acquire the language 3 unconsciously. and this is really, really well documented now, it’s something called comprehensible input and there’s twenty or thirty years of research on this, stephen krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them. the purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. the purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by comprehensible input. so, comprehension works. comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge. in many, many ways it’s about physiological training.
a woman i know from taiwan did great at english at school, she got a grades all the way through, went through college, a grades, went to the us and found she couldn’t understand what people were saying. and people started asking her: ‘are you deaf?’ and she was. english deaf. because we have filters in our brain that filter n the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we’re not. and if you can’t hear it, you won’t understand it and if you can’t understand it, you’re not going to learn it. so you actually have to be able to hear these sounds. and there are ways to do that but it’s physiological training. speaking takes muscle. you’ve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.
if you’ve ever done a new sport for a couple of days, and you know how your body feels? and it hurts? if your face is hurting you’re doing it right. and the final principle is state. psycho-physiological state. if you’re sad, angry, worried, upset, you’re not going to learn. period. if you’re happy, rela_ed, in an alpha brain state, curious, you’re going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. if you’re one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you’re hearing, you will go nuts, because you’ll be incredibly upset all the time, because you’re not perfect. if you’re comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you’re going to be fine, you’ll be rela_ed and you’ll be learning quickly.
so based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take? number one: listen a lot. i call it brain soaking. you put yourself in a conte_t where you’re hearing tons and tons of a language and it doesn’t matter if you understand it or not. you’re listening to patterns, you’re listening to things that repeat, you’re listening to things that stand out. so, just soak your brain in this. the second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. you go well how do i do that, i don’t know the words, well, you understand what these different postures mean. human communication is body language in many, many ways, so much body language.
from body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, you’re understanding, you’re acquiring through comprehensible input. and you can also use patterns that you already know. if you’re a chinese speaker of mandarin and cantonese and you go vietnam, you will understand 60% of what they say to you in daily conversation, because vietnamese is about 30% mandarin, 30% cantonese. the third action: start mi_ing. you probably have never thought of this but if you’ve got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things.
language is a creative process. what do babies do? okay: me. bat(h). now. okay, that’s how they communicate. so start mi_ing, get creative, have fun with it, it doesn’t have to be perfect it just has to work. and when you’re doing this you focus on the core. what does that mean? well any language is high frequency content. in english 1000 words covers 85% of anything you’re ever going to say in daily communication. 3000 words gives you 98% of anything you’re going to say in daily conversation. you got 3000 words, you’re speaking the language. the rest is icing on the cake. and when you’re just begging with a new language start with the tool bo_. week number one in your new language 4 you say things like: ‘how do you say that?’ ‘i don’t understand,’ ‘repeat that please,’ ‘what does that mean,’ all in your target language. you’re using it as a tool, making it useful to you, it’s relevant to learn other things about the language. it’s by week two that you should be saying things like: ‘me,’ ‘this,’ ‘you,’ ‘that,’ ‘give,’ you know, ‘hot,’ simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicating like a baby. and by the third or fourth week, you’re getting into what i call glue words. ‘although,’ ‘but,’ ‘therefore,’ these are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to make more comple_ meaning. at that point you’re talking.
and when you’re doing that, you should get yourself a language parent. if you look at how children and parent interact, you’ll understand what this means. when a child is speaking, it’ll be using simple words, simple combinations, sometimes quite strange, sometimes very strange pronunciation and other people from outside the family don’t understand it. but the parents do. and so the kid has a safe environment, gets confidence. the parents talk to the children with body language and with simple language which they know the child understands. so we have a comprehensible input environment that’s safe, we know it works otherwise none of you would speak your mother tongue. so you get yourself a language parent, who’s somebody interested in you as a person who will communicate with you essentially as an equal, but pay attention to help you understand the message. there are four rules of a language parent. spouses by the way are not very good at this, okay? but the four rules are, first of all, they will work hard to understand what you mean even when you’re way off beat.
secondly, they will never correct your mistakes. thirdly they will feed back their understanding of what you are saying so you can respond appropriately and get that feedback and then they will use words that you know. the si_th thing you have to do, is copy the face. you got to get the muscles working right, so you can sound in a way that people will understand you. there’s a couple of things you do. one is that you hear how it feels, and feel how it sounds which means you have a feedback loop operating in your face, but ideally if you can look at a native speaker and just observe how they use their face, let your unconscious mind absorb the rules, then you’re going to be able to pick it up. and if you can’t get a native speaker to look at, you can use stuff like this: [slides]. and the final idea here, the final action you need to take is something that i call “direct connect.” what does this mean? well most people learning a second language sort of take the mother tongue words and take the target words and go over them again and again in their mind to try and remember them. really inefficient. what you need to do is realise that everything you know is an image inside your mind, it’s feelings, if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke you can hear the crackling, you can see the flames, so what you do, is you go into that imagery and all of that memory and you come out with another pathway.
so i call it ‘same bo_, different path.’ you come out of that pathway, you build it over time you become more and more skilled at just connecting the new sounds to those images that you already have, into that internal representation. and over time you even become naturally good at that process, that becomes unconscious. so, there are five principles that you need to work with, seven actions, if you do any of them, you’re going to improve. and remember these are things under your control as the learner. do them all and you’re going to be fluent in a second language in si_ months. thank you.
學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)演講稿 模板7
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one day, god said to a priest: ‘come, and i want to take you to see the hell." they entered a room where so many people were sitting around a cooking pot. they looked at it but no one wants to say or do anything. they felt not only hungry but also disappointed .everyone has a spoon. but the handle of the spoon were too long for the food to be sent into their mouths.
"come, now i want to take you to the heaven. "god took the priest to the heaven and entered another room. this room was the same as the first one. there were so many people sitting around a cooking pot, and the handles of their spoon were as long as those of the first group of people. there was nothing different but the atmosphere. people here drank and ate, speaking and laughing. the priest felt puzzled and asked god. god answered with a smile. "can’t you see? people in the second room here learnt to feed each other " the priest suddenly saw the light.
this story tells us that we should learn to share and give, and develop the good habit of loving and helping one another. the niggards who we saw in the hell would rather make themselves hungry than share with others.
as a british poet said:" taken away love, our earth would be a grave. sharing is an idea state, a wisdom and distillation. sharing love, happiness and sadness is all that we need. there are so many people who don’t want to share with others .wwhatever they do they will think about themselves first. these people can never understand the real meaning of sharing. people are always imagining that they can live a good life in the heaven .because of imagination, we always feel we are far away from the heaven .in fact, the heaven is not far away from us .
